Note: This document is for an older version of GRASS GIS that is outdated. You should upgrade, and read the current manual page.

NAME

KEYWORDS

SYNOPSIS

Flags:

-i

Use LL WGS84 as input and current location as output projection

-o

Use current location as input and LL WGS84 as output projection

-d

Output long/lat in decimal degrees, or other projections with many decimal places

-e

Include input coordinates in output file

-g

Script style output in CSV format respecting the field separator settings

-v

Verbose mode (print projection parameters and filenames to stderr)

--verbose

Verbose module output

--quiet

Quiet module output

Parameters:

input=filename

Input coordinate file (omit to read from stdin)

output=filename

Output coordinate file (omit to send to stdout)

fs=character

Field separator

Default: |

proj_in=string

Input projection parameters (PROJ.4 style)

proj_out=string

Output projection parameters (PROJ.4 style)

DESCRIPTION

Note: This program does not transform GRASS maps, it is designed to determine the equivalent coordinate values of an individual position or list of positions. Use v.proj or r.proj to reproject GRASS maps.

NOTES

cs2cs will treat a third data column as a z value (elevation) and will modify the value accordingly. This usually translates into small but real differences in that data column.

cs2cs does not expect the input stream to contain column headings, only numbers. If your data file has lines you wish to have passed through without being processed, they must start with the '#' character.

If sending m.proj data from stdin, be aware that the data is first stored to a temporary file before being processed with cs2cs. It is therefore not advisable to send m.proj data from an open data stream. The module will stop listening for incoming data after 2 seconds of inactivity. You may use the projection parameters gleaned from m.proj's verbose mode (-v) with cs2cs directly in this case.

Custom projection parameters can be used via the proj_in and proj_out options. Full documentation of the projection parameter format may be found on the PROJ.4 website. Using these options will fully override the default parameters the module would normally use.

By using the -v verbose flag, the user can see exactly what projection parameters will be used in the conversion as well as some other informative messages.

If output is to lat/long, it will be formatted using PROJ.4's Degree:Minute:Second (DMS) convention of DDDdMM'SSS.SS"H. This can be handy if you wish to quickly convert lat/long decimal degree data into its DMS equivalent.
Alternatively, to have m.proj output data in decimal degrees, use the -d flag. This flag can also be used with non-lat/long data to force a higher number of decimal places (the cs2cs default is 2).

Lat/long output can be converted to GRASS's DMS convention (DDD:MM:SSS.SSSH) by piping the results of m.proj through the sed stream editor as follows.

m.proj -o | sed -e 's/d/:/g' -e "s/'/:/g"  -e 's/"//g'

The m.proj module is designed to work seamlessly with point data exported from the GIS with v.out.ascii, as the following example shows.

v.out.ascii bugsites | m.proj -o

EXAMPLES

GRASS> echo "170.510125 -45.868537" | m.proj -i
2316541.70      5479193.51 1.23

The same, but load points from a file named "waypoints.txt" and continue on to import the results into a GRASS vector points map in the current map projection:

m.proj -i in=waypoints.txt | cut -f1 -d' ' | v.in.ascii out=test_pt fs=tab

To convert all coordinates from a vector points map in the current projection to WGS84 long/lat, with output in decimal form:

v.out.ascii bugsites | m.proj -od

To transform points from a UTM projection into the Gauss-Krüger Grid System, importing and exporting to files:

m.proj proj_in="+proj=utm +name=utm +a=6378137.0 +es=0.006694380 \
    +zone=32 +unfact=1.0" proj_out="+proj=tmerc +name=tmerc \
    +a=6377397.155 +es=0.0066743720 +lat_0=0.0 +lon_0=9.0 +k=1.0 \
    +x_0=3500000.0" input=utm.coord.txt output=new.gk.coord.txt

Projection parameters provided in the above case: "+proj" (projection type), "+name" (projection name), "+a" (ellipsoid: equatorial radius), "+es" (ellipsoid: eccentricity squared), "+zone" (zone for the area), "+unfact" (conversion factor from meters to other units, e.g. feet), "+lat_0" (standard parallel), "+lon_0" (central meridian), "+k" (scale factor) and "+x_0" (false easting). Sometimes false northing is needed which is coded as "+y_0". Internally, the underlying PROJ.4 projection library performs an inverse projection to latitude-longitude and then projects the coordinate list to the target projection.

Datum conversions are automatically handled by the PROJ.4 library if "+datum" setings are specified on both the input and output projections on the command line. The "+towgs84" parameter can be used to define either 3 or 7 term datum transform coefficients, satisfying this requirement.

If a datum is specified there is no need for the '+ellps=' or underlying parameters, '+a=', '+es=', etc.

Another custom parameter usage example:

m.proj proj_in="+proj=tmerc +datum=ire65 +lat_0=53.5 +lon_0=-8 +x_0=200000 \
    +y_0=250000 +k=1.000035" proj_out="+proj=ll +datum=wgs84" input=wpt.txt

m.proj proj_in="+proj=tmerc +ellps=modif_airy +lat_0=53.5 +lon_0=-8 +x_0=200000 \
    +y_0=250000 +k=1.000035" proj_out="+proj=ll +datum=wgs84" input=wpt.txt

In this example no datum transformation will take place as a datum was not specified for the input projection. The datum specified for the output projection will thus be silently ignored and may be left out; all that is achieved a simple conversion from projected to geodetic co-ordinates, keeping the same datum (and thus also the same ellipsoid).

For more usage examples, see the documentation for the PROJ.4 cs2cs program.

REFERENCES

[2] PROJ.4 Cartographic Projection Library

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR

Last changed: $Date: 2011-11-08 03:23:06 -0800 (Tue, 08 Nov 2011) $

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