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NAME

v.kernel - Generates a raster density map from vector point data using a moving kernel or optionally generates a vector density map on a vector network.

KEYWORDS

vector, kernel density

SYNOPSIS

v.kernel
v.kernel help
v.kernel [-oqnmv] input=name [net=name] output=name stddeviation=float [dsize=float] [segmax=float] [distmax=float] [mult=float] [node=string] [kernel=string] [--verbose] [--quiet]

Flags:

-o
Try to calculate an optimal standard deviation with 'stddeviation' taken as maximum (experimental)
-q
Only calculate optimal standard deviation and exit (no map is written)
-n
In network mode, normalize values by sum of density multiplied by length of each segment. Integral over the output map then gives 1.0 * mult
-m
In network mode, multiply the result by number of input points.
-v
Verbose module output (retained for backwards compatibility)
--verbose
Verbose module output
--quiet
Quiet module output

Parameters:

input=name
Input vector with training points
net=name
Input network vector map
output=name
Output raster/vector map
stddeviation=float
Standard deviation in map units
dsize=float
Discretization error in map units
Default: 0.
segmax=float
Maximum length of segment on network
Default: 100.
distmax=float
Maximum distance from point to network
Default: 100.
mult=float
Multiply the density result by this number
Default: 1.
node=string
Node method
Options: none,split
Default: none
none: No method applied at nodes with more than 2 arcs
split: Equal split (Okabe 2009) applied at nodes
kernel=string
Kernel function
Options: uniform,triangular,epanechnikov,quartic,triweight,gaussian,cosine
Default: gaussian

DESCRIPTION

v.kernel generates a raster density map from vector points data using a moving kernel. Available kernel density functions are uniform, triangular, epanechnikov, quartic, triweight, gaussian, cosine, default is gaussian.

The module can also generate a vector density map on a vector network. Conventional kernel functions produce biased estimates by overestimating the densities around network nodes, whereas the equal split method of Okabe et al. (2009) produces unbiased density estimates. The equal split method uses the kernel function selected with the kernel option and can be enabled with node=split.

NOTES

The mult option is needed to overcome the limitation that the resulting density in case of a vector map output is stored as category (Integer). The density result stored as category may be multiplied by this number.

With the -o flag (experimental) the command tries to calculate an optimal standard deviation. The value of stddeviation is taken as maximum value. Standard deviation is calculated using ALL points, not just those in the current region.

LIMITATIONS

The module only considers the presence of points, but not (yet) any attribute values.

SEE ALSO

v.surf.rst

REFERENCES

Okabe, A., Satoh, T., Sugihara, K. (2009). A kernel density estimation method for networks, its computational method and a GIS-based tool. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, Vol 23(1), pp. 7-32.
DOI: 10.1080/13658810802475491

AUTHORS

Stefano Menegon, ITC-irst, Trento, Italy
Radim Blazek (additional kernel density functions and network part)

Last changed: $Date: 2011-11-08 03:23:06 -0800 (Tue, 08 Nov 2011) $


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