g.extension - GRASS manual
Author: GRASS Development Team
Description: g.extension: Downloads and installs extensions from GRASS Addons repository or other source into the local GRASS installation or removes installed extensions.
Keywords: general, installation, extensions, addons, download

## NAME

g.extension - Maintains GRASS Addons extensions in local GRASS installation.
Downloads and installs extensions from GRASS Addons repository or other source into the local GRASS installation or removes installed extensions.

## KEYWORDS

general, installation, extensions, addons, download

## SYNOPSIS

g.extension
g.extension --help
g.extension [-lcgasdifto] extension=name operation=string [url=url] [prefix=path] [proxy=proxy[,proxy,...]] [branch=branch] [--help] [--verbose] [--quiet] [--ui]

### Flags:

-l
  List available extensions in the official GRASS Addons repository
-c
  List available extensions in the official GRASS Addons repository including module description
-g
  List available extensions in the official GRASS Addons repository (shell script style)
-a
  List locally installed extensions
-s
  Install system-wide (may need system administrator rights)
-d
  Download source code and exit
-i
  Do not install new extension, just compile it
-f
  Force removal when uninstalling extension (operation=remove)
-t
  Operate on toolboxes instead of single modules (experimental)
-o
  url refers to a fork of the official extension repository
--help
  Print usage summary
--verbose
  Verbose module output
--quiet
  Quiet module output
--ui
  Force launching GUI dialog

### Parameters:

extension=name [required]
  Name of extension to install or remove
  Name of toolbox (set of extensions) when -t flag is given
operation=string [required]
  Operation to be performed
  Options: add, remove
  Default: add
url=url
  URL or directory to get the extension from (supported only on Linux and Mac)
  The official repository is used by default. User can specify a ZIP file, directory or a repository on common hosting services. If not identified, Subversion repository is assumed. See manual for all options.
prefix=path
  Prefix where to install extension (ignored when flag -s is given)
  Default: $GRASS_ADDON_BASE
proxy=proxy[,proxy,...]
  Set the proxy with: "http=<value>,ftp=<value>"
branch=branch
  Specific branch to fetch addon from (only used when fetching from git)

## DESCRIPTION

g.extension downloads and installs, removes or updates extensions (addons) from the official GRASS Addons repository or from user-specified source code repositories into the local GRASS installation.

Two types of extensions are supported:

- Python scripts: they are installed without the need of compilation or (usually) the need of special dependencies.
- Source code (mostly written in C programming language; may also be written in C++, Fortran or other languages): while on MS-Windows systems the requested GRASS extension is downloaded pre-compiled from the GRASS site, on Unix based systems the installation is preceded by the automated download of the extension's source code along with subsequent compilation and installation. This requires a compiler environment to be present on the user's computer.

### Managing installed extensions

Re-running g.extension on an installed GRASS Addon extension re-installs the requested extension which may include updates.

To bulk-update all locally installed GRASS extensions, g.extension.all module is available.

### Where the extensions are installed

GRASS extensions are installed by g.extension into a dedicated directory. The default is a directory for application data and settings inside the user's home directory. On GNU/Linux it is `$HOME/.grass8/addons`, on MS-Windows it is `%APPDATA%\Roaming\GRASS8\addons`. The name of the directory is stored in the `GRASS_ADDON_BASE` environmental variable.

The flag -s changes this install target directory to the GRASS installation directory (determined by `GISBASE` environmental variable, e.g. `/usr/`) rather than the default directory defined as per `GRASS_ADDON_BASE` (see also documentation for variables). g.extension checks if the user has permission to write to `GISBASE` or `GRASS_ADDON_BASE`.

The place where the extensions are installed can be customized by the option prefix. Ensuring that these extensions will be accessible in GRASS is in this case in the responsibility of the user.

### Source code sources and repositories

#### GRASS Addons repository on GitHub

By default, g.extension installs extensions from the official GRASS Addons GitHub repository. However, different sources can be specified using the url option.

Individual extensions can also be installed by providing a URL to the source code on GitHub or OSGeo Trac. The latter, however, works only for certain directories where the download of ZIP files was enabled by project administrators of the trac server.

#### Local source code directory

Optionally, new extension can be also installed from a source code placed in a local directory on disk. This is advantageous when developing a new module. To keep the directory clean, the directory content is copied to a temporary directory and the compilation happens there.

#### Source code in a ZIP or TAR archive

In addition, new extension can be also installed from a ZIP file or an archive file from the TAR family (e.g., `.tar.gz` or `.bz2`). The file can be on disk (specified with a path), or on the web (specified by an URL).

#### Online repositories: GitHub, GitLab and Bitbucket

For well known general hosting services, namely GitHub, GitLab and Bitbucket, g.extension supports the download of a repository. Here the user only needs to provide a base URL to the repository web page (with or without the `https://` part). For GitHub, GitLab and Bitbucket, the latest source code in the default branch is downloaded, unless a specific branch is requested in the branch option. Of course, a user can still specify the full URL of a ZIP file e.g. for a specific release and install the archived code in this way (ZIP file mechanism will be applied).

For the official repository, g.extension supports listing available extensions (addons) and few other metadata-related operations which depend on a specific infrastructure. For other sources and repositories, this is not supported because it is assumed that other sources contain only one extension, typically a module or group of modules with a Makefile at the root of the repository.

#### Needed directory layout

When none of the above sources is identified, g.extension assumes that the source is in a GitHub repository and uses the git command line tool to obtain the source code. The expected structure of the repository should be the same as the one of the official repository.

Non-official sources are supported on all operating systems except for MS-Windows.

### Compilation and installation

On MS-Windows systems, where compilation tools are typically not readily locally installed, g.extension downloads a precompiled executable from the GRASS project server. On all other operating systems where it is not difficult to install compilation tools, g.extension downloads the source code of the requested extension (addon) and compiles it locally. This applies for both C and Python modules as well as any other extensions. The reason is that more things such as manual page are compiled, not only the source code (which is really necessary to compile just in case of C).

## EXAMPLES

### Download and install of an extension

Download and install r.stream.distance into current GRASS installation

    g.extension extension=r.stream.distance

This installs the extension from the official repository. For convenience, a shorter syntax can be used:

    g.extension r.stream.distance

### Download and install of an extension when behind a proxy

Example for an open http proxy:

    # syntax: http://proxyurl:proxyport
    g.extension extension=r.stream.distance proxy="http=http://proxy.example.com:8080"

Example for a proxy with proxy authentication:

    # syntax: http://username:password@proxyurl:proxyport
    g.extension extension=r.stream.distance proxy="http=http://username:password@proxy.example.com:8080"

### Managing the extensions

List all available extensions in the official GRASS Addons repository:

    g.extension -l

List all locally installed extensions:

    g.extension -a

Removal of a locally installed extension:

    g.extension extension=r.stream.distance operation=remove

### Installing from various online repositories: GitHub, GitLab, Bitbucket

Simple URL to GitHub, GitLab, Bitbucket repositories:

    g.extension r.example.plus url="https://github.com/wenzeslaus/r.example.plus"

Simple URL to GitHub, GitLab, Bitbucket repositories from a specific (e.g. development) branch:

    g.extension r.example.plus url="https://github.com/wenzeslaus/r.example.plus" branch=master

Simple URL to OSGeo Trac (downloads a ZIP file, requires download to be enabled in Trac):

    g.extension r.example url=trac.osgeo.org/.../r.example

In general, when a ZIP file or other archive is provided, the full URL can be used:

    g.extension r.example url=http://example.com/.../r.example?format=zip

Note that because of MS-Windows operating system architecture, only official repository is supported on this platform.

### Install a specific version from Addons

To install a specific version from GRASS Addons, specify the full URL pointing to Trac code browser and include Subversion revision number. For example, this installs the version number 57854 of r.local.relief module:

    g.extension r.local.relief url="https://trac.osgeo.org/grass/browser/grass-addons/grass7/raster/r.local.relief?rev=57854&format=zip"

### Installing when writing a module locally

Having source code of a GRASS module in a directory on disk one can install it using:

    g.extension r.example url=/local/directory/r.example/

## REQUIREMENTS

In order to clone source code repositories, the git command line tool is required. The installation of single AddOns is most efficient with versions of git that support so called sparse checkout, which was introduced with version 2.25. With older versions of git, the entire AddOns repository will be downloaded. On UNIX like systems, installation is done with the make command line tool. For AddOns written in C / C++, a respective build environment is needed.

## KNOWN ISSUES

Toolboxes in the official repository cannot be downloaded.

On MS-Windows, only the official repository is working because there is no way of compiling the modules (a Python replacement for Python scripts should be implemented).

## TROUBLESHOOTING

Since extensions have to be compiled on Unix based systems (Linux, Mac OSX etc.) unless a Python extension is installed, a full compiler environment must be present on the user's computer.

### ERROR: Please install GRASS development package

While GRASS is available on the user's computer, the respective development package is lacking. If GRASS was installed from a (Linux) repository, also the grass-dev* package (commonly named "grass-dev" or "grass-devel", sometimes along with the version number) must be installed.

## SEE ALSO

g.extension.all

GRASS 8 Addons Manual pages
GRASS Addons wiki page.

## AUTHORS

Markus Neteler (original shell script)
Martin Landa, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic (Python rewrite)
Vaclav Petras, NCSU GeoForAll Lab (support for general sources, partial refactoring)

## SOURCE CODE

Available at: g.extension source code (history)

Latest change: Friday Feb 20 18:42:47 2026 in commit: e6b82e9558564ff8f07766a3d6c5ff08dfd69028

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© 2003-2026 GRASS Development Team, GRASS 8.5.1dev Reference Manual