i.hyper.import - GRASS GIS manual

NAME

i.hyper.import - Hyperspectral imagery import.

KEYWORDS

SYNOPSIS

i.hyper.import

i.hyper.import --help

i.hyper.import [-n] input=name product=string output=name [composites=string[,string,...]] [composites_custom=string] [strength=integer] [--overwrite] [--help] [--verbose] [--quiet] [--ui]

Flags:

-n: Import also all-NULL bands
--overwrite: Allow output files to overwrite existing files
--help: Print usage summary
--verbose: Verbose module output
--quiet: Quiet module output
--ui: Force launching GUI dialog

Parameters:

input=name [required]: Path to the hyperspectral imagery: pick any file if the product is multi-file.
product=string [required]: Define the hyperspectral product you want to import (lowercase).; Options: prisma, enmap, tanager; Default: prisma
output=name [required]: Set the name of the output hyperspectral 3D raster map.
composites=string[,string,...]: Composites to generate during import; Options: rgb, cir, swir_agriculture, swir_geology
composites_custom=string: Wavelenghts for custom composites
strength=integer: Cropping intensity - upper brightness level (0-100); Default: 96

DESCRIPTION
NOTES
EXAMPLES
SEE ALSO
DEPENDENCIES
AUTHORS

DESCRIPTION

i.hyper.import imports hyperspectral imagery into a 3D raster map (raster_3d).

The module reads supported hyperspectral products and converts their spectral bands into a single 3D raster map. The vertical (z) dimension of the 3D raster represents the spectral dimension, where each cell (voxel) contains the reflectance value for a specific spatial position (x, y) and spectral band index.

i.hyper.import is part of the i.hyper module family designed for hyperspectral data import, processing, and analysis in GRASS. It is typically used in combination with i.hyper.preproc, i.hyper.explore, i.hyper.composite, and i.hyper.export.

The module currently supports the following hyperspectral products:

PRISMA – PRecursore IperSpettrale della Missione Applicativa (ASI)
EnMAP – Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (DLR / GFZ)
Tanager – Planet Labs hyperspectral mission

During import, the appropriate product library from i_hyper_lib is automatically loaded (for example, enmap, prisma, or tanager). Metadata are parsed, bands are validated, and the resulting 3D raster map is created with per-band metadata: wavelength, FWHM, valid, and unit.

The metadata are used by other i.hyper.* modules, so data imported with i.hyper.import or created with the same metadata structure are fully compatible across the toolset.

The resulting raster_3d map can be analysed with standard GRASS 3D raster tools (r3.mapcalc, r3.stats, r3.univar) or processed further with the i.hyper suite of modules.

NOTES

Imported 3D raster maps store hyperspectral reflectance or radiance values (depending on the product). Bands containing only zeros, NULLs, or invalid values are flagged with valid: 0; others are flagged as valid: 1.

When the composites option is used, predefined or custom band combinations are exported as 2D raster composites (e.g., RGB, CIR, SWIR). All temporary rasters are automatically removed after import.

During import, i.hyper.import temporarily adjusts the computational region to match the input data, ensuring consistent alignment between imported bands. This region setting is temporary and restored at the end of processing. The module does not perform any on-the-fly spatial or spectral resampling. The imported cube retains the native resolution and extent of the input product, but the region settings are not changed during import.

EXAMPLES

# EnMAP example
# Create a new GRASS project with EPSG:32633 (UTM Zone 33N)
grass -c EPSG:32633 -e ~/grassdata/hyper_33N

# Initialize and enter the new project (PERMANENT Mapset)
grass ~/grassdata/hyper_33N/PERMANENT

# PRISMA L2D example
i.hyper.import input=/data/PRISMA.he5 \
               product=prisma \
               output=prisma \
               composites='rgb,cir,swir_agriculture,swir_geology'

# Console output:
Importing product: PRISMA
Loading floating point  data with 4  bytes ...  (1254x1222x234)
Created 3D raster map with all bands: prisma (234 bands).
Generated composite raster: prisma_rgb
Generated composite raster: prisma_cir
Generated composite raster: prisma_swir_agriculture
Generated composite raster: prisma_swir_geology
(Fri Nov  5 13:12:00 2025) Command finished (1 min 23 sec)

Figure: PRISMA SWIR-geology composite generated with i.hyper.import
Data source: PRISMA Product © Italian Space Agency (ASI), used under ASI License to Use.

# Import an EnMAP L2A product and create RGB and CIR composites
i.hyper.import input=/data/EnMAP_data_folder/ \
               product=enmap \
               output=enmap \
               composites='cir,swir_agriculture'
               composites_custom='650,1650,2200'

EnMAP SWIR-agriculture composite example

# Tanager example with a custom-defined composite
# This one has radiance values
i.hyper.import input=/data/Tanager.h5 \
               product=tanager \
               output=tanager \
               composites='rgb' \

Figure: Tanager-1 RGB composite generated with i.hyper.import
Data source: Planet Labs - Open Data, CC-BY-4.0.

DEPENDENCIES

NumPy – Core numerical operations and array manipulation.
h5py – Interface for reading and writing .h5 (HDF5) hyperspectral data products such as PRISMA and Tanager.
pyproj – Coordinate reference system and geospatial transformation library.

AUTHORS

Alen Mangafić and Tomaž Žagar, Geodetic Institute of Slovenia

SOURCE CODE

Available at: i.hyper.import source code (history)

Latest change: Monday Nov 17 15:45:17 2025 in commit: 615887d217deac99a8f08bcf940384863fd47f2b