GRASS GIS 8 Programmer's Manual  8.4.0dev(2024)-535c39c9fc
port_init.c
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1 /*!
2  \file diglib/port_init.c
3 
4  \brief Vector library - portability (lower level functions)
5 
6  Lower level functions for reading/writing/manipulating vectors.
7 
8  This code is a quick hack to allow the writing of portable
9  binary data files.
10  The approach is to take known values and compare them against
11  the current machine's internal representation. A cross reference
12  table is then built, and then all file reads and writes must go
13  through these routines to correct the numbers if need be.
14 
15  As long as the byte switching is symmetrical, the conversion routines
16  will work both directions.
17 
18  The integer test patterns are quite simple, and their choice was
19  arbitrary, but the float and double valued were more critical.
20 
21  I did not have a specification for IEEE to go by, so it is possible
22  that I have missed something. My criteria were:
23 
24  First, true IEEE numbers had to be chosen to avoid getting an FPE.
25  Second, every byte in the test pattern had to be unique. And
26  finally, the number had to not be sensitive to rounding by the
27  specific hardware implementation.
28 
29  By experimentation it was found that the number 1.3333 met
30  all these criteria for both floats and doubles
31 
32  See the discourse at the end of this file for more information
33 
34  The 3.0 dig, and dig_plus files are inherently non-portable. This
35  can be seen in moving files between a SUN 386i and other SUN machines.
36  The recommended way to transport files was always to convert to ASCII
37  (b.a.vect) and copy the ASCII files: dig_ascii and dig_att to the
38  destination machine.
39 
40  The problem lies in the way that different architectures internally
41  represent data. If a number is internally store as 0x01020304 on
42  a 680x0 family machine, the same number will be stored as
43  0x04030201 on an 80386 class machine.
44 
45  The CERL port of GRASS to the Compaq 386 already has code to deal
46  with this incompatibility. This code converts all files that are written
47  out to conform to the 680x0 standard. These binary files can then be
48  shared between machines without conversion.
49  This code is designed to work with the majority of computers in use
50  today that fit the following requirements:
51  byte == 8 bits
52  int == 4 bytes
53  long == 4 bytes
54  double == IEEE standard 64 bit
55  float == IEEE standard 32 bit
56 
57  bytes can be swapped around in any reasonable way, but bits within each
58  byte must be maintained in normal high to low ordering: 76543210
59  is this a problem?
60 
61  If this ability is desired on a SUN 386i, for example, you simply
62  define the compiler flag CERL_PORTABLE in the src/CMD/makehead file
63  and recompile all of the mapdev programs.
64  needs update, makehead/mapdev no longer exist
65 
66  Binary DLG files are NOT supported by this code, and will continue to
67  be non-portable between different architectures.
68  applies to the files coor/topo/cidx, needs testing
69 
70  (C) 2001-2009 by the GRASS Development Team
71 
72  This program is free software under the GNU General Public License
73  (>=v2). Read the file COPYING that comes with GRASS for details.
74 
75  \author Original author CERL, probably Dave Gerdes
76  \author Update to GRASS 5.7 Radim Blazek
77  */
78 
79 #include <stdio.h>
80 #include <sys/types.h>
81 #include <grass/vector.h>
82 #include <grass/glocale.h>
83 
84 #define TEST_PATTERN 1.3333
85 #ifdef HAVE_LONG_LONG_INT
86 #define LONG_LONG_TEST 0x0102030405060708LL
87 #endif
88 #define LONG_TEST 0x01020304
89 #define INT_TEST 0x01020304
90 #define SHORT_TEST 0x0102
91 
92 static double u_d = TEST_PATTERN;
93 static float u_f = TEST_PATTERN;
94 off_t u_o; /* depends on sizeof(off_t) */
95 static long u_l = LONG_TEST;
96 static int u_i = INT_TEST;
97 static short u_s = SHORT_TEST;
98 
99 /* dbl_cmpr holds the bytes of an IEEE representation of TEST_PATTERN */
100 static const unsigned char dbl_cmpr[] = {0x3f, 0xf5, 0x55, 0x32,
101  0x61, 0x7c, 0x1b, 0xda};
102 /* flt_cmpr holds the bytes of an IEEE representation of TEST_PATTERN */
103 static const unsigned char flt_cmpr[] = {0x3f, 0xaa, 0xa9, 0x93};
104 static const unsigned char off_t_cmpr[] = {0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04,
105  0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08};
106 static const unsigned char lng_cmpr[] = {0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04};
107 static const unsigned char int_cmpr[] = {0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04};
108 static const unsigned char shrt_cmpr[] = {0x01, 0x02};
109 
110 /* Find native sizes */
111 int nat_dbl = sizeof(double);
112 int nat_flt = sizeof(float);
113 int nat_off_t = sizeof(off_t);
114 int nat_lng = sizeof(long);
115 int nat_int = sizeof(int);
116 int nat_shrt = sizeof(short);
117 
124 
125 unsigned char dbl_cnvrt[sizeof(double)];
126 unsigned char flt_cnvrt[sizeof(float)];
127 unsigned char off_t_cnvrt[sizeof(off_t)];
128 unsigned char lng_cnvrt[sizeof(long)];
129 unsigned char int_cnvrt[sizeof(int)];
130 unsigned char shrt_cnvrt[sizeof(short)];
131 
132 /*
133  * match search_value against each char in basis.
134  * return offset or -1 if not found
135  */
136 static int find_offset(const unsigned char *basis, unsigned char search_value,
137  int size)
138 {
139  int i;
140 
141  for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
142  if (basis[i] == search_value)
143  return (i);
144 
145  return (-1);
146 }
147 
148 static int find_offsets(const void *pattern, unsigned char *cnvrt,
149  const unsigned char *cmpr, int port_size, int nat_size,
150  const char *typename)
151 {
152  int big, ltl;
153  int i;
154 
155  for (i = 0; i < port_size; i++) {
156  int off = find_offset(pattern, cmpr[i], nat_size);
157 
158  if (off < 0)
159  G_fatal_error(_("Unable to find '%x' in %s"), cmpr[i], typename);
160 
161  cnvrt[i] = off;
162  }
163 
164  big = ltl = 1;
165 
166  for (i = 0; i < port_size; i++) {
167  if (cnvrt[i] != (nat_size - port_size + i))
168  big = 0; /* isn't big endian */
169  if (cnvrt[i] != (port_size - 1 - i))
170  ltl = 0; /* isn't little endian */
171  }
172 
173  if (big)
174  return ENDIAN_BIG;
175 
176  if (ltl)
177  return ENDIAN_LITTLE;
178 
179  return ENDIAN_OTHER;
180 }
181 
182 /*!
183  \brief Initialize Port_info structures
184  */
185 void port_init(void)
186 {
187  static int done;
188 
189  if (done)
190  return;
191 
192  done = 1;
193 
194  /* Following code checks only if all assumptions are fulfilled */
195  /* Check sizes */
196  if (nat_dbl != PORT_DOUBLE)
197  G_fatal_error("sizeof(double) != %d", PORT_DOUBLE);
198  if (nat_flt != PORT_FLOAT)
199  G_fatal_error("sizeof(float) != %d", PORT_DOUBLE);
200  /* off_t size is variable, depending on the vector size and LFS support */
201  if (nat_lng < PORT_LONG)
202  G_fatal_error("sizeof(long) < %d", PORT_LONG);
203  if (nat_int < PORT_INT)
204  G_fatal_error("sizeof(int) < %d", PORT_INT);
205  if (nat_shrt < PORT_SHORT)
206  G_fatal_error("sizeof(short) < %d", PORT_SHORT);
207 
208  /* Find for each byte in big endian test pattern (*_cmpr)
209  * offset of corresponding byte in machine native order.
210  * Look if native byte order is little or big or some other (pdp)
211  * endian.
212  */
213 
214  if (nat_off_t == 8)
215 #ifdef HAVE_LONG_LONG_INT
216  u_o = (off_t)LONG_LONG_TEST;
217 #else
218  G_fatal_error("Internal error: can't construct an off_t literal");
219 #endif
220  else
221  u_o = (off_t)LONG_TEST;
222 
223  dbl_order =
224  find_offsets(&u_d, dbl_cnvrt, dbl_cmpr, PORT_DOUBLE, nat_dbl, "double");
225  flt_order =
226  find_offsets(&u_f, flt_cnvrt, flt_cmpr, PORT_FLOAT, nat_flt, "float");
227  off_t_order = find_offsets(&u_o, off_t_cnvrt, off_t_cmpr, nat_off_t,
228  nat_off_t, "off_t");
229  lng_order =
230  find_offsets(&u_l, lng_cnvrt, lng_cmpr, PORT_LONG, nat_lng, "long");
231  int_order =
232  find_offsets(&u_i, int_cnvrt, int_cmpr, PORT_INT, nat_int, "int");
233  shrt_order = find_offsets(&u_s, shrt_cnvrt, shrt_cmpr, PORT_SHORT, nat_shrt,
234  "short");
235 }
void void void void G_fatal_error(const char *,...) __attribute__((format(printf
#define PORT_LONG
Definition: dig_defines.h:47
#define PORT_SHORT
Definition: dig_defines.h:49
#define PORT_DOUBLE
Sizes of types used in portable format (different names used in Vlib/ and diglib/ for the same thing)
Definition: dig_defines.h:45
#define PORT_FLOAT
Definition: dig_defines.h:46
#define PORT_INT
Definition: dig_defines.h:48
#define ENDIAN_OTHER
Definition: gis.h:408
#define ENDIAN_LITTLE
Endian check.
Definition: gis.h:406
#define ENDIAN_BIG
Definition: gis.h:407
#define _(str)
Definition: glocale.h:10
unsigned char flt_cnvrt[sizeof(float)]
Definition: port_init.c:126
off_t u_o
Definition: port_init.c:94
int nat_lng
Definition: port_init.c:114
int shrt_order
Definition: port_init.c:123
#define LONG_TEST
Definition: port_init.c:88
unsigned char dbl_cnvrt[sizeof(double)]
Definition: port_init.c:125
int flt_order
Definition: port_init.c:119
int dbl_order
Definition: port_init.c:118
int int_order
Definition: port_init.c:122
int nat_dbl
Definition: port_init.c:111
#define TEST_PATTERN
Definition: port_init.c:84
unsigned char lng_cnvrt[sizeof(long)]
Definition: port_init.c:128
int off_t_order
Definition: port_init.c:120
int lng_order
Definition: port_init.c:121
unsigned char off_t_cnvrt[sizeof(off_t)]
Definition: port_init.c:127
#define INT_TEST
Definition: port_init.c:89
int nat_off_t
Definition: port_init.c:113
#define LONG_LONG_TEST
Definition: port_init.c:86
int nat_shrt
Definition: port_init.c:116
int nat_int
Definition: port_init.c:115
#define SHORT_TEST
Definition: port_init.c:90
unsigned char shrt_cnvrt[sizeof(short)]
Definition: port_init.c:130
void port_init(void)
Initialize Port_info structures.
Definition: port_init.c:185
unsigned char int_cnvrt[sizeof(int)]
Definition: port_init.c:129
int nat_flt
Definition: port_init.c:112