Figure: Areas with the same attribute value (first image) are merged into one (second image).
Instead of dissolving features based on the category values, the user can define an integer or string column using the column parameter. In that case, features that share the same value in that column are dissolved. Note, the newly created layer does not retain the category (cat) values from the input layer.
Note that multiple areas with the same category or the same attribute value that are not adjacent are merged into one entity, which consists of multiple features, i.e., a multipart feature.
The default behavior is intended for interactive use and testing. For scripting and other automated usage, explicitly specifying the backend with the aggregate_backend parameter is strongly recommended. When choosing, note that the sql aggregate backend, regardless of the underlying database, will typically perform significantly better than the univar backend.
The aggregate_methods parameter can be used to specify which aggregation statistics should be computed. Alternatively, the parameter aggregate_columns can be used to specify the method using SQL syntax. This provides the highest flexibility, and it is suitable for scripting. The SQL statement should specify both the column and the functions applied, e.g.,
aggregate_columns="sum(cows) / sum(animals)"
.
Note that when the aggregate_columns parameter is used, the sql backend should be used. In addition, the aggregate_columns and aggregate_methods cannot be used together.
For convenience, certain methods, namely n, count, mean, and avg, are automatically converted to the appropriate name for the selected backend. However, for scripting, it is recommended to specify the appropriate method (function) name for the backend, as the conversion is a heuristic that may change in the future.
If the result_columns is not provided, each method is applied to each column specified by aggregate_columns. This results in a column for each of the combinations. These result columns have auto-generated names based on the aggregate column and method. For example, setting the following parameters:
aggregate_columns=A,B aggregate_methods=sum,n
results in the following columns: A_sum, A_n, B_sum, B_n. See the Examples section.
If the result_column is provided, each method is applied only once to the matching column in the aggregate column list, and the result will be available under the name of the matching result column. For example, setting the following parameter:
aggregate_columns=A,B aggregate_methods=sum,max result_column=sum_a, n_b
results in the column sum_a with the sum of the values of A and the column n_b with the max of B. Note that the number of items in aggregate_columns, aggregate_methods (unless omitted), and result_column needs to match, and no combinations are created on the fly. See the Examples section.
For scripting, it is recommended to specify all resulting column names, while for interactive use, automatically created combinations are expected to be beneficial, especially for exploratory analysis.
The type of the result column is determined based on the method
selected. For n and count, the type is INTEGER and
for all other methods, it is DOUBLE. Aggregate methods that produce
other types require the type to be specified as part of the
result_columns. A type can be provided in result_columns
using the SQL syntax name type
, e.g., sum_of_values
double precision
. Type specification is mandatory when SQL
syntax is used in aggregate_columns (and
aggregate_methods is omitted).
Multiple attributes may be linked to a single vector entity through numbered fields referred to as layers. Refer to v.category for more details.
Merging of areas can also be accomplished using v.extract -d which provides some additional options. In fact, v.dissolve is simply a front-end to that module. The use of the column parameter adds a call to v.reclass before.
v.dissolve input=undissolved output=dissolved
g.copy vect=soils_general,mysoils_general v.dissolve mysoils_general output=mysoils_general_families column=GSL_NAME
# patch tiles after import: v.patch -e `g.list type=vector pat="clc2000_*" separator=","` out=clc2000_patched # remove duplicated tile boundaries: v.clean clc2000_patched out=clc2000_clean tool=snap,break,rmdupl thresh=.01 # dissolve based on column attributes: v.dissolve input=clc2000_clean output=clc2000_final col=CODE_00
v.dissolve input=boundary_municp column=DOTURBAN_N output=municipalities \ aggregate_columns=ACRES
To inspect the result, we will use v.db.select retrieving only one row
for DOTURBAN_N == 'Wadesboro'
:
v.db.select municipalities where="DOTURBAN_N == 'Wadesboro'" separator=tab
The resulting table may look like this:
cat DOTURBAN_N ACRES_n ACRES_min ACRES_max ACRES_mean ACRES_sum 66 Wadesboro 2 634.987 3935.325 2285.156 4570.312
The above created multiple columns for each of the statistics computed by default. We can limit the number of statistics computed by specifying the method which should be used:
v.dissolve input=boundary_municp column=DOTURBAN_N output=municipalities_2 \ aggregate_columns=ACRES aggregate_methods=sum
The above gives a single column with the sum for all values in the ACRES column for each group of original features which had the same value in the DOTURBAN_N column and are now dissolved (merged) into one.
v.dissolve input=boundary_municp column=DOTURBAN_N output=municipalities_3 \ aggregate_columns=ACRES,NEW_PERC_G aggregate_methods=sum,avg
By default, all methods specified in the aggregate_methods are applied to all columns, so result of the above is four columns. While this is convenient for getting multiple statistics for similar columns (e.g. averages and standard deviations of multiple population statistics columns), in our case, each column is different and each aggregate method should be applied only to its corresponding column.
The v.dissolve module will apply each aggregate method only to the corresponding column when column names for the results are specified manually with the result_columns option:
v.dissolve input=boundary_municp column=DOTURBAN_N output=municipalities_4 \ aggregate_columns=ACRES,NEW_PERC_G aggregate_methods=sum,avg \ result_columns=acres,new_perc_g
Now we have full control over what columns are created, but we also need to specify an aggregate method for each column even when the aggregate methods are the same:
v.dissolve input=boundary_municp column=DOTURBAN_N output=municipalities_5 \ aggregate_columns=ACRES,DOTURBAN_N,TEXT_NAME aggregate_methods=sum,count,count \ result_columns=acres,number_of_parts,named_parts
While it is often not necessary to specify aggregate methods or names for interactive exploratory analysis, specifying both aggregate_methods and result_columns manually is a best practice for scripting (unless SQL syntax is used for aggregate_columns, see below).
Modifying the previous example, we will now specify the SQL aggregate
function calls explicitly instead of letting v.dissolve
generate them for us. We will compute sum of the ACRES column using
sum(ACRES)
(alternatively, we could use SQLite specific
total(ACRES)
which returns zero even when all values are
NULL). Further, we will count number of aggregated (i.e., dissolved)
parts using count(*)
which counts all rows regardless of
NULL values. Then, we will count all unique names of parts as
distinguished by the MB_NAME column using count(distinct
MB_NAME)
. Finally, we will collect all these names into a
comma-separated list using group_concat(MB_NAME)
:
v.dissolve input=boundary_municp column=DOTURBAN_N output=municipalities_6 \ aggregate_columns="total(ACRES),count(*),count(distinct MB_NAME),group_concat(MB_NAME)" \ result_columns="acres REAL,named_parts INTEGER,unique_names INTEGER,names TEXT"
Here, v.dissolve doesn't make any assumptions about the resulting column types, so we specified both named and the type of each column.
When working with general SQL syntax, v.dissolve turns off its checks for number of aggregate and result columns to allow for all SQL syntax to be used for aggregate columns. This allows us to use also functions with multiple parameters, for example specify separator to be used with group_concat:
v.dissolve input=boundary_municp column=DOTURBAN_N output=municipalities_7 \ aggregate_columns="group_concat(MB_NAME, ';')" \ result_columns="names TEXT"
To inspect the result, we will use v.db.select retrieving only
one row for DOTURBAN_N == 'Wadesboro'
:
v.db.select municipalities_7 where="DOTURBAN_N == 'Wadesboro'" separator=tab
The resulting table may look like this:
cat DOTURBAN_N names 66 Wadesboro Wadesboro;Lilesville
Available at: v.dissolve source code (history)
Latest change: Wednesday Oct 23 17:12:02 2024 in commit: 533070dbc9807657e96ec376f23ab6db64fbdc9a
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