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Tools by keywords

.prj

3D

  • v.drape - Converts 2D vector features to 3D by sampling of elevation raster map.
  • v.extrude - Optionally the height can be derived from sampling of elevation raster map.
  • v.hull - Produces a 2D/3D convex hull for a given vector map.
  • v.surf.rst - Spatial approximation and topographic analysis from given point or isoline data in vector format to floating point raster format using regularized spline with tension.
  • v.to.3d - Performs transformation of 2D vector features to 3D.
  • v.to.points - Creates points along input lines in new vector map with 2 layers.
  • v.vol.rst - Interpolates point data to a 3D raster map using regularized spline with tension (RST) algorithm.

AATSR

  • i.lswt - Computes Lake Surface Water Temperatures (inland water bodies) from TOA Brightness Temperatures.

ACCA

  • i.landsat.acca - Performs Landsat TM/ETM+ Automatic Cloud Cover Assessment (ACCA).

ASCII

  • m.csv.clean - Creates CSV files which are ready to used in GRASS GIS
  • r.in.ascii - Converts a GRASS ASCII raster file to binary raster map.
  • r.in.xyz - Creates a raster map from an assemblage of many coordinates using univariate statistics.
  • r.out.ascii - Converts a raster map layer into a GRASS ASCII text file.
  • r.out.xyz - Exports a raster map to a text file as x,y,z values based on cell centers.
  • r3.in.ascii - Converts a 3D ASCII raster text file into a (binary) 3D raster map.
  • r3.out.ascii - Converts a 3D raster map layer into a ASCII text file.
  • t.rast.out.xyz - Export space time raster dataset to a CSV file.
  • v.in.ascii - Creates a vector map from an ASCII points file or ASCII vector file.
  • v.in.csv - (null)
  • v.in.survey - Creates multiple vector layers from just one textfile
  • v.out.ascii - By default only features with category are exported. To export all features use 'layer=-1'.

ASTER

  • i.albedo - Computes broad band albedo from surface reflectance.
  • i.aster.toar - Calculates Top of Atmosphere Radiance/Reflectance/Brightness Temperature from ASTER DN.
  • r.in.aster - Georeference, rectify, and import Terra-ASTER imagery and relative DEMs using gdalwarp.

AVHRR

  • i.albedo - Computes broad band albedo from surface reflectance.
  • i.lswt - Computes Lake Surface Water Temperatures (inland water bodies) from TOA Brightness Temperatures.

Actual ET

Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)

  • r.mcda.ahp - Generates a raster map classified with analytic hierarchy process (AHP).

Atmospheric correction

  • i.lmf - Performs Temporal Local Maximum Fitting of vegetation indices, works also for surface reflectance data.

Bouguer

  • i.gravity - Bouguer gravity anomaly computation (full slab).

Brovey

  • i.pansharpen - Image fusion algorithms to sharpen multispectral with high-res panchromatic channels

CCA

  • i.cca - Canonical components analysis (CCA) program for image processing.

CLI

  • d.mon2 - Starts a graphics display monitor which can be controlled from the command line.

CSV

CVA

  • i.cva - Performs Change Vector Analysis (CVA) in two dimensions.

Chandrayaan1

  • i.feotio2 - Calculates the FeO or TiO2 contents from the Clementine project Moon data.

Clementine

  • i.feotio2 - Calculates the FeO or TiO2 contents from the Clementine project Moon data.

Climate data

Conefor

DBF

  • v.db.reconnect.all - Reconnects attribute tables for all vector maps from the current mapset to a new database.

DMSP-OLS

DXF

  • v.in.dxf - Converts file in DXF format to GRASS vector map.
  • v.out.dxf - Exports vector map to DXF file format.

Dominance Rough Set Approach

  • r.mcda.input - Generates a raster map classified with Dominance Rough Set Approach. Use *.rls file from JAMM, 4eMka2 etc.
  • r.mcda.output - Exports criteria raster maps and decision raster map in a *.isf file (e.g. 4eMka2, jMAF) for dominance rough set approach analysis.
  • r.mcda.roughset - Generates a MCDA map from several criteria maps using Dominance Rough Set Approach.

E00

EPSG

Eotvos

  • i.gravity - Bouguer gravity anomaly computation (full slab).

Estimator

FIR

FPAR

  • i.biomass - Computes biomass growth, precursor of crop yield calculation.

Fast Fourier Transform

  • i.fft - Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) for image processing.
  • i.ifft - Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) for image processing.

FeO

  • i.feotio2 - Calculates the FeO or TiO2 contents from the Clementine project Moon data.

Fish Dispersal Model

  • r.fidimo - Calculating fish dispersal in a river network from source populations with species specific dispersal parameters

Fourier

  • i.destripe - Destripes regularly, about vertical, striped image using Fourier.

Free Air

  • i.gravity - Bouguer gravity anomaly computation (full slab).

GCP

GPS

  • v.in.gps - Import waypoints, routes, and tracks from a GPS receiver or GPS download file into a vector map.
  • v.out.gps - Exports a vector map to a GPS receiver or file format supported by GPSBabel.

GSFLOW

GUI

Gabor

  • i.gabor - Creates Gabor filter bank for a 2-dimensional image

Geary G

HIS

  • d.his - Displays the result obtained by combining hue, intensity, and saturation (HIS) values from user-specified input raster map layers.
  • i.his.rgb - Transforms raster maps from HIS (Hue-Intensity-Saturation) color space to RGB (Red-Green-Blue) color space.
  • i.pansharpen - Image fusion algorithms to sharpen multispectral with high-res panchromatic channels
  • i.rgb.his - Transforms raster maps from RGB (Red-Green-Blue) color space to HIS (Hue-Intensity-Saturation) color space.
  • r.his - Generates red, green and blue (RGB) raster map layers combining hue, intensity and saturation (HIS) values from user-specified input raster map layers.

HPFA

  • i.fusion.hpf - Fusing high resolution panchromatic and low resolution multi-spectral data based on the High-Pass Filter Addition technique (Gangkofner, 2008).

Horton's statistics

  • r.stream.stats - Calculates Horton's statistics for Strahler and Horton ordered networks created with r.stream.order.

Hough

  • r.houghtransform - Performs Hough transformation and extracts line segments from image. Region shall be set to input map. Can work only on small images since map is loaded into memory.

ICW

  • v.surf.icw - IDW interpolation, but distance is cost to get to any other site.

IDW

  • r.fill.stats - Rapidly fills 'no data' cells (NULLs) of a raster map with interpolated values (IDW).
  • r.surf.idw - Provides surface interpolation from raster point data by Inverse Distance Squared Weighting.
  • r.surf.idw2 - Provides surface interpolation from raster point data by Inverse Distance Squared Weighting.
  • v.surf.idw - Provides surface interpolation from vector point data by Inverse Distance Squared Weighting.
  • v.vol.idw - Interpolates point data to a 3D raster map using Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) algorithm.

IHS

  • d.his - Displays the result obtained by combining hue, intensity, and saturation (HIS) values from user-specified input raster map layers.
  • i.his.rgb - Transforms raster maps from HIS (Hue-Intensity-Saturation) color space to RGB (Red-Green-Blue) color space.
  • i.pansharpen - Image fusion algorithms to sharpen multispectral with high-res panchromatic channels
  • i.rgb.his - Transforms raster maps from RGB (Red-Green-Blue) color space to HIS (Hue-Intensity-Saturation) color space.
  • r.his - Generates red, green and blue (RGB) raster map layers combining hue, intensity and saturation (HIS) values from user-specified input raster map layers.

IMG

  • i.lswt - Computes Lake Surface Water Temperatures (inland water bodies) from TOA Brightness Temperatures.

LIDAR

  • r.hydro.flatten - Derive elevation of water bodies for hydro-flattening
  • r.in.pdal - Creates a raster map from LAS LiDAR points using univariate statistics.
  • r.in.pdal - Creates a raster map from LAS LiDAR points using univariate statistics and r.in.xyz.
  • r.in.xyz - Creates a raster map from an assemblage of many coordinates using univariate statistics.
  • r3.in.xyz - Create a 3D raster map from an assemblage of many coordinates using univariate statistics
  • v.decimate - Copies points from one vector to another while applying different decimations
  • v.in.pdal - Converts LAS LiDAR point clouds to a GRASS vector map with PDAL.
  • v.lidar.correction - Corrects the v.lidar.growing output. It is the last of the three algorithms for LIDAR filtering.
  • v.lidar.edgedetection - Detects the object's edges from a LIDAR data set.
  • v.lidar.growing - Building contour determination and Region Growing algorithm for determining the building inside
  • v.outlier - Removes outliers from vector point data.
  • v.surf.bspline - Performs bicubic or bilinear spline interpolation with Tykhonov regularization.

LMF

  • i.lmf - Performs Temporal Local Maximum Fitting of vegetation indices, works also for surface reflectance data.

LOS

  • r.viewshed.cva - Undertakes a "cumulative viewshed analysis" using a vector points map as input "viewing" locations, using r.viewshed to calculate the individual viewsheds.
  • r.viewshed.exposure - Computes visual exposure to defined exposure source using weighted parametrised cumulative viewshed analysis.

LRM

LSWT

  • i.lswt - Computes Lake Surface Water Temperatures (inland water bodies) from TOA Brightness Temperatures.

Landsat

  • i.albedo - Computes broad band albedo from surface reflectance.
  • i.landsat.acca - Performs Landsat TM/ETM+ Automatic Cloud Cover Assessment (ACCA).
  • i.landsat.import - Imports Landsat satellite data downloaded using i.landsat.download.
  • i.landsat.toar - Calculates top-of-atmosphere radiance or reflectance and temperature for Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+/OLI
  • i.tasscap - Performs Tasseled Cap (Kauth Thomas) transformation.

M3

  • i.feotio2 - Calculates the FeO or TiO2 contents from the Clementine project Moon data.

MCDA

MLC

  • i.gensig - Generates statistics for i.maxlik from raster map.
  • i.maxlik - Classification is based on the spectral signature information generated by either i.cluster, g.gui.iclass, or i.gensig.

MODIS

  • i.albedo - Computes broad band albedo from surface reflectance.
  • i.lswt - Computes Lake Surface Water Temperatures (inland water bodies) from TOA Brightness Temperatures.
  • i.modis.download - Download single or multiple tiles of MODIS products using pyModis.
  • i.modis.import - Import single or multiple tiles of MODIS products using pyModis.
  • i.modis.qc - Extracts quality control parameters from MODIS QC layers.
  • i.tasscap - Performs Tasseled Cap (Kauth Thomas) transformation.

Mann-Kendall

Maxent

  • r.maxent.predict - Use a Maxent model to create a suitability distribution layer
  • r.maxent.setup - Helper module to install Maxent to the addon directory
  • r.maxent.train - Create and train a Maxent model
  • v.maxent.swd - Export raster values at given point locations as text file in SWD format for input in Maxent. In addition, the addon can export the environmental raster layers as ascii files.

Maximum Likelihood Classification

  • i.gensig - Generates statistics for i.maxlik from raster map.
  • i.maxlik - Classification is based on the spectral signature information generated by either i.cluster, g.gui.iclass, or i.gensig.

Moon

  • i.feotio2 - Calculates the FeO or TiO2 contents from the Clementine project Moon data.

Moran I

Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA)

  • r.mcda.ahp - Generates a raster map classified with analytic hierarchy process (AHP).
  • r.mcda.input - Generates a raster map classified with Dominance Rough Set Approach. Use *.rls file from JAMM, 4eMka2 etc.
  • r.mcda.output - Exports criteria raster maps and decision raster map in a *.isf file (e.g. 4eMka2, jMAF) for dominance rough set approach analysis.
  • r.mcda.roughset - Generates a MCDA map from several criteria maps using Dominance Rough Set Approach.
  • r.mcda.topsis - Generates a MCDA map based on TOPSIS algorthm.

NAIP

  • r.in.usgs - Download user-requested products through the USGS TNM API

NDVI

  • i.in.probav - Imports PROBA-V NDVI data in netCDF format into a raster map with real NDVI data range.
  • i.in.spotvgt - Imports SPOT VGT NDVI data into a raster map.
  • i.vi - Uses red and nir bands mostly, and some indices require additional bands.

NED

  • r.in.usgs - Download user-requested products through the USGS TNM API

OGC WFS

  • v.in.wfs - Imports GetFeature from a WFS server.

OGC WMS

  • r.in.wms - Downloads and imports data from OGC WMS and OGC WMTS web mapping servers.

OGC WMTS

  • r.in.wms - Downloads and imports data from OGC WMS and OGC WMTS web mapping servers.

OGC web services

  • r.in.wcs - Downloads and imports coverage from WCS server.
  • r.in.wms - Downloads and imports data from OGC WMS and OGC WMTS web mapping servers.
  • v.in.wfs - Imports GetFeature from a WFS server.

OGR

  • v.clean.ogr - Imports vector data into a GRASS vector map, cleans the data topologically, and exports them again using OGR library.
  • v.external - Creates a new pseudo-vector map as a link to an OGR-supported layer or a PostGIS feature table.
  • v.external.out - Defines vector output format.
  • v.in.ogr - Imports vector data into a GRASS vector map using OGR library.
  • v.out.ogr - By default a vector map layer is exported to OGC GeoPackage format.

PCA

  • i.pansharpen - Image fusion algorithms to sharpen multispectral with high-res panchromatic channels
  • i.pca - Principal components analysis (PCA) for image processing.

PNG

  • r.in.png - Imports non-georeferenced PNG format image.
  • r.out.png - Export a GRASS raster map as a non-georeferenced PNG image.
  • v.out.png - Export vector map as PNG

PRISM

PROBA-V

  • i.in.probav - Imports PROBA-V NDVI data in netCDF format into a raster map with real NDVI data range.

Population growth model

PostGIS

  • v.build.pg - Builds PostGIS topology for vector map linked via v.external.
  • v.external - Creates a new pseudo-vector map as a link to an OGR-supported layer or a PostGIS feature table.
  • v.external.out - Defines vector output format.

Potential ET

  • i.evapo.potrad - Potential evapotranspiration, radiative method after Bastiaanssen (1995)

Python

  • v.db.pyupdate - Updates a column in a vector attribute table using Python code

R

  • v.class.mlR - Provides supervised support vector machine classification

RGB

  • d.his - Displays the result obtained by combining hue, intensity, and saturation (HIS) values from user-specified input raster map layers.
  • d.rgb - Displays three user-specified raster maps as red, green, and blue overlays in the active graphics frame.
  • i.colors.enhance - Performs auto-balancing of colors for RGB images.
  • i.his.rgb - Transforms raster maps from HIS (Hue-Intensity-Saturation) color space to RGB (Red-Green-Blue) color space.
  • i.rgb.his - Transforms raster maps from RGB (Red-Green-Blue) color space to HIS (Hue-Intensity-Saturation) color space.
  • r.composite - Combines red, green and blue raster maps into a single composite raster map.
  • r.his - Generates red, green and blue (RGB) raster map layers combining hue, intensity and saturation (HIS) values from user-specified input raster map layers.
  • r.rgb - Splits a raster map into red, green and blue maps.

RST

  • r.resamp.rst - Reinterpolates and optionally computes topographic analysis from input raster map to a new raster map (possibly with different resolution) using regularized spline with tension and smoothing.
  • v.surf.rst - Spatial approximation and topographic analysis from given point or isoline data in vector format to floating point raster format using regularized spline with tension.
  • v.vol.rst - Interpolates point data to a 3D raster map using regularized spline with tension (RST) algorithm.

Riitters

  • r.forestfrag - Computes the forest fragmentation index (Riitters et al. 2000)
  • r3.forestfrag - Computes the forest fragmentation index (Riitters et al. 2000)

SEBAL

  • i.eb.deltat - Computes the difference of temperature between surface skin temperature and air temperature at 2m as part of sensible heat flux calculations.
  • i.eb.eta - Actual evapotranspiration for diurnal period (Bastiaanssen, 1995).
  • i.eb.evapfr - Computes evaporative fraction and root zone soil moisture.
  • i.eb.hsebal01 - Computes sensible heat flux iteration SEBAL 01.
  • i.eb.netrad - Net radiation approximation (Bastiaanssen, 1995).
  • i.eb.soilheatflux - Soil heat flux approximation (Bastiaanssen, 1995).
  • i.eb.z0m - Computes momentum roughness length (z0m) and surface roughness for heat transport (z0h) after Bastiaanssen (2004).
  • i.eb.z0m0 - Computes momentum roughness length (z0m) and surface roughness for heat transport (z0h) after Bastiaanssen (2004).

SEBS

  • i.eb.deltat - Computes the difference of temperature between surface skin temperature and air temperature at 2m as part of sensible heat flux calculations.
  • i.eb.z0m0 - Computes momentum roughness length (z0m) and surface roughness for heat transport (z0h) after Bastiaanssen (2004).

SEVIRI

  • i.lswt - Computes Lake Surface Water Temperatures (inland water bodies) from TOA Brightness Temperatures.

SLIC

SMAP

  • i.gensigset - Generates statistics for i.smap from raster map.
  • i.smap - Performs contextual image classification using sequential maximum a posteriori (SMAP) estimation.

SPOT

SQL

  • db.copy - Either 'from_table' (optionally with 'where') can be used or 'select' option, but not 'from_table' and 'select' at the same time.
  • db.createdb - Creates an empty database.
  • db.databases - Lists all databases for a given driver and location.
  • db.dropdb - Removes an existing database.
  • db.execute - For SELECT statements use 'db.select'.
  • db.select - Performs SQL query statement(s).
  • v.db.select - Prints vector map attributes.

SQLite

  • v.db.reconnect.all - Reconnects attribute tables for all vector maps from the current mapset to a new database.

SRTM

STAC

Senay

Sentinel

TIN

TPS

  • r.resamp.tps - Performs thin plate spline interpolation with regularization and covariables.
  • v.surf.tps - Performs thin plate spline interpolation with regularization and covariables.

Tasseled Cap transformation

  • i.tasscap - Performs Tasseled Cap (Kauth Thomas) transformation.

Temporal

  • i.lmf - Performs Temporal Local Maximum Fitting of vegetation indices, works also for surface reflectance data.

Theil-Sen

TiO2

  • i.feotio2 - Calculates the FeO or TiO2 contents from the Clementine project Moon data.

USGS

  • r.in.usgs - Download user-requested products through the USGS TNM API

UVVIS

  • i.feotio2 - Calculates the FeO or TiO2 contents from the Clementine project Moon data.

VIF

  • r.vif - To calculate the stepwise variance inflation factor.

VRML

  • r.out.vrml - Exports a raster map to the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML).

VTK

  • r.out.vtk - Converts raster maps into the VTK-ASCII format.
  • r3.out.vtk - Converts 3D raster maps into the VTK-ASCII format.
  • t.rast.out.vtk - Exports space time raster dataset as VTK time series.
  • v.out.vtk - Converts a vector map to VTK ASCII output.

Vegetation Indices

  • i.lmf - Performs Temporal Local Maximum Fitting of vegetation indices, works also for surface reflectance data.

Volume

  • v.vol.idw - Interpolates point data to a 3D raster map using Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) algorithm.

WKT

Worldview

  • i.tasscap - Performs Tasseled Cap (Kauth Thomas) transformation.

accumulation

  • r.accumulate - Calculates weighted flow accumulation, subwatersheds, stream networks, and longest flow paths using a flow direction map.
  • r.flowaccumulation - Calculates flow accumulation from a flow direction raster map using the Memory-Efficient Flow Accumulation (MEFA) parallel algorithm by Cho (2023).
  • r.series.accumulate - Makes each output cell value a accumulationfunction of the values assigned to the corresponding cells in the input raster map layers.
  • r.terraflow - Performs flow computation for massive grids.
  • r.watershed - Calculates hydrological parameters and RUSLE factors.
  • t.rast.accdetect - Detects accumulation patterns in temporally accumulated space time raster datasets created by t.rast.accumulate.
  • t.rast.accumulate - Computes cyclic accumulations of a space time raster dataset.

accuracy

actual evapotranspiration

  • i.eb.eta - Actual evapotranspiration for diurnal period (Bastiaanssen, 1995).

addons

  • g.extension - Downloads and installs extensions from GRASS Addons repository or other source into the local GRASS installation or removes installed extensions.

aerial

aggregation

  • r.gdd - Makes each output cell value a function of the values assigned to the corresponding cells in the input raster map layers.
  • r.in.pdal - Creates a raster map from LAS LiDAR points using univariate statistics.
  • r.in.xyz - Creates a raster map from an assemblage of many coordinates using univariate statistics.
  • r.neighbors - Makes each cell category value a function of the category values assigned to the cells around it, and stores new cell values in an output raster map layer.
  • r.patch - Creates a composite raster map layer by using known category values from one (or more) map layer(s) to fill in areas of "no data" in another map layer.
  • r.quantile.ref - Determines quantile for input value from reference raster map layers.
  • r.reclass.area - Reclasses a raster map greater or less than user specified area size (in hectares).
  • r.resamp.stats - Resamples raster map layers to a coarser grid using aggregation.
  • r.series - Makes each output cell value a function of the values assigned to the corresponding cells in the input raster map layers.
  • r3.in.xyz - Create a 3D raster map from an assemblage of many coordinates using univariate statistics
  • r3.neighbors - Makes each voxel value a function of the values assigned to the voxels around it, and stores new voxel values in an output 3D raster map
  • t.rast.aggregate - Aggregates temporally the maps of a space time raster dataset by a user defined granularity.
  • t.rast.aggregate.ds - Aggregates data of an existing space time raster dataset using the time intervals of a second space time dataset.
  • t.rast.neighbors - Performs a neighborhood analysis for each map in a space time raster dataset.
  • t.rast.patch - Patches multiple space time raster maps into a single raster map using r.patch.
  • t.rast.series - Performs different aggregation algorithms from r.series on all or a subset of raster maps in a space time raster dataset.
  • v.neighbors - Makes each cell value a function of the attribute values assigned to the vector points or centroids in a radius around it, and stores new cell values in an output raster map.

albedo

  • i.albedo - Computes broad band albedo from surface reflectance.

algebra

  • r.bitpattern - Compares bit patterns with a raster map.
  • r.fill.category - Replaces the values of pixels of a given category with values of the surrounding pixels.
  • r.mapcalc - Raster map calculator.
  • r.mapcalc.simple - Calculates a new raster map from a simple r.mapcalc expression.
  • r.mapcalc.tiled - Runs r.mapcalc in parallel over tiles.
  • r.mfilter - Performs raster map matrix filter.
  • r.mode - Finds the mode of values in a cover map within areas assigned the same category value in a user-specified base map.
  • r.neighbors - Makes each cell category value a function of the category values assigned to the cells around it, and stores new cell values in an output raster map layer.
  • r.object.thickness - Evaluates minimum, maximum and mean thickness of objects of a given category on a raster map.
  • r.quantile - Compute quantiles using two passes.
  • r.texture - Generate images with textural features from a raster map.
  • r3.mapcalc - Raster map calculator.
  • r3.neighbors - Makes each voxel value a function of the values assigned to the voxels around it, and stores new voxel values in an output 3D raster map
  • t.rast.algebra - Apply temporal and spatial operations on space time raster datasets using temporal raster algebra.
  • t.rast.mapcalc - Performs spatio-temporal mapcalc expressions on temporally sampled maps of space time raster datasets.
  • t.rast3d.algebra - Apply temporal and spatial operations on space time 3D raster datasets using temporal 3D raster algebra.
  • t.rast3d.mapcalc - Performs r3.mapcalc expressions on maps of sampled space time 3D raster datasets.
  • t.vect.algebra - Apply temporal and spatial operations on space time vector datasets using temporal vector algebra.
  • v.mapcalc - Vector map calculator.
  • v.neighbors - Makes each cell value a function of the attribute values assigned to the vector points or centroids in a radius around it, and stores new cell values in an output raster map.

alpha shape

animation

ann

area

  • i.sentinel.coverage - Checks the area coverage of Sentinel-1 or Sentinel-2 scenes selected by filters.
  • m.measure - Measures the lengths and areas of features.
  • r.area - Calculates area of clumped areas and remove areas smaller or greater than given threshold.
  • v.buffer - Creates a buffer around vector features of given type.
  • v.centroids - Adds missing centroids to closed boundaries.
  • v.clip - Extracts features of input map which overlay features of clip map.
  • v.dissolve - Dissolves adjacent or overlapping features sharing a common category number or attribute.
  • v.in.ascii - Creates a vector map from an ASCII points file or ASCII vector file.
  • v.to.db - Populates attribute values from vector features.
  • v.to.lines - Converts vector polygons or points to lines.
  • v.type - Changes type of vector features.

area estimation

  • r.surf.area - Prints estimation of surface area for raster map.

arrow

  • d.northarrow - Displays a north arrow on the graphics monitor.
  • d.rast.arrow - Draws arrows representing cell aspect direction for a raster map containing aspect data.

articulation points

  • v.net.bridge - Computes bridges and articulation points in the network.

aspect

atmospheric correction

  • i.atcorr - 6S - Second Simulation of Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum.
  • i.landsat.toar - Calculates top-of-atmosphere radiance or reflectance and temperature for Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+/OLI
  • i.sentinel.preproc - Imports and performs atmospheric correction of Sentinel-2 images.

attribute columns

  • v.info - Outputs basic information about a vector map.

attribute table

  • db.columns - List all columns for a given table.
  • db.connect - Prints/sets general DB connection for current mapset.
  • db.copy - Either 'from_table' (optionally with 'where') can be used or 'select' option, but not 'from_table' and 'select' at the same time.
  • db.createdb - Creates an empty database.
  • db.databases - Lists all databases for a given driver and location.
  • db.describe - Describes a table in detail.
  • db.dropcolumn - Drops a column from selected attribute table.
  • db.dropdb - Removes an existing database.
  • db.droptable - Drops an attribute table.
  • db.execute - For SELECT statements use 'db.select'.
  • db.in.ogr - Imports attribute tables in various formats.
  • db.join - Joins a database table to another database table.
  • db.out.ogr - Exports attribute tables into various formats.
  • db.select - Performs SQL query statement(s).
  • db.tables - Lists all tables for a given database.
  • db.test - Test database driver, database must exist and set by db.connect.
  • db.univar - Calculates univariate statistics on selected table column.
  • g.gui.dbmgr - wxGUI Attribute Table Manager
  • t.vect.db.select - Prints attributes of vector maps registered in a space time vector dataset.
  • v.area.stats - Populates attribute values from vector features.
  • v.class - Classifies attribute data, e.g. for thematic mapping
  • v.db.addcolumn - Adds one or more columns to the attribute table connected to a given vector map.
  • v.db.addtable - Creates and connects a new attribute table to a given layer of an existing vector map.
  • v.db.connect - Prints/sets DB connection for a vector map to attribute table.
  • v.db.dropcolumn - Drops a column from the attribute table connected to a given vector map.
  • v.db.droprow - Removes a vector feature from a vector map through attribute selection.
  • v.db.droptable - Removes existing attribute table of a vector map.
  • v.db.join - Joins a database table to a vector map table.
  • v.db.pyupdate - Updates a column in a vector attribute table using Python code
  • v.db.reconnect.all - Reconnects attribute tables for all vector maps from the current mapset to a new database.
  • v.db.renamecolumn - Renames a column in the attribute table connected to a given vector map.
  • v.db.select - Prints vector map attributes.
  • v.db.univar - Calculates univariate statistics on selected table column for a GRASS vector map.
  • v.db.update - Updates a column in the attribute table connected to a vector map.
  • v.distance - Finds the nearest element in vector map 'to' for elements in vector map 'from'.
  • v.strds.stats - Calculates univariate statistics from given space-time raster datasets based on a vector map
  • v.to.db - Populates attribute values from vector features.
  • v.univar - Variance and standard deviation is calculated only for points if specified.
  • v.vect.stats - Count points in areas, calculate statistics from point attributes.
  • v.vect.stats.multi - Computes isochrones from collection point in a sewershed
  • v.what.rast - Uploads raster values at positions of vector points to the table.
  • v.what.rast.label - Uploads raster values and labels to vector point layer
  • v.what.rast.multi - Uploads values of multiple rasters at positions of vector points to the table.
  • v.what.rast3 - Uploads 3D raster values at positions of vector points to the table.
  • v.what.strds - Uploads space time raster dataset values at positions of vector points to the table.
  • v.what.strds.timestamp - Uploads space time raster dataset values to the attribute table at positions of vector points in space and time.
  • v.what.vect - Uploads vector values at positions of vector points to the table.

attribute update

  • v.db.pyupdate - Updates a column in a vector attribute table using Python code
  • v.db.update - Updates a column in the attribute table connected to a vector map.

attributes

  • v.reclass - Changes vector category values for an existing vector map according to results of SQL queries or a value in attribute table column.

autocorrelation

azimuth

  • r.bearing.distance - Find the bearing and/or straight-line distance from all non-null cells to the specified point.
  • v.to.db - Populates attribute values from vector features.

background

  • d.background - Fills the graphics display frame with user defined color.

bare soil

  • r.soillossbare - Calculates annual soil loss [t/(ha*a)] for bare soil. Use r.soillosscropland.py afterwards for grown soil.

bartlett

basin creation

  • r.stream.basins - Input can be stream network, vector point map with outlets or outlet coordinates.

basins

basins creation

  • r.stream.snap - Input can be stream network, point vector map with outlets or outlet coordinates.

bathymetry

bearing

  • r.bearing.distance - Find the bearing and/or straight-line distance from all non-null cells to the specified point.

best-fitting ellipse

  • v.ellipse - Computes the best-fitting ellipse for given vector data.

bicubic

  • r.resamp.bspline - Performs bilinear or bicubic spline interpolation with Tykhonov regularization.
  • r.resamp.interp - Resamples raster map to a finer grid using interpolation.

bilinear

  • r.resamp.bspline - Performs bilinear or bicubic spline interpolation with Tykhonov regularization.
  • r.resamp.interp - Resamples raster map to a finer grid using interpolation.

binning

  • r.in.pdal - Creates a raster map from LAS LiDAR points using univariate statistics.
  • r.in.xyz - Creates a raster map from an assemblage of many coordinates using univariate statistics.
  • r.vect.stats - Bins vector points into a raster map.
  • r3.in.xyz - Create a 3D raster map from an assemblage of many coordinates using univariate statistics

biodiversity

bioeconomy

  • r.forcircular - Evaluation of circular bioeconomy level of forest ecosystems

biomass

biophysical

  • i.wi - Calculates different types of water indices.

biophysical parameters

  • i.vi - Uses red and nir bands mostly, and some indices require additional bands.

bitpattern

  • i.landsat.qa - Reclassifies Landsat QA band according to acceptable pixel quality as defined by the user.

blackman

bounding box

  • v.to.db - Populates attribute values from vector features.

box

boxplot

  • r.boxplot - Draws the boxplot of raster values. Optionally, this is done per category of a zonal raster layer
  • r.series.boxplot - Draws the boxplot of raster values of a series of input rasters.
  • t.rast.boxplot - Draws the boxplot of the raster maps of a space-time raster dataset
  • v.boxplot - Draws a boxplot of values from a specified attribute column in a vector dataset, with an optional grouping based on categories in another column.

brightness

brightness temperature

  • i.aster.toar - Calculates Top of Atmosphere Radiance/Reflectance/Brightness Temperature from ASTER DN.
  • i.landsat.toar - Calculates top-of-atmosphere radiance or reflectance and temperature for Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+/OLI

buffer

  • r.buffer - Creates a raster map showing buffer zones surrounding cells that contain non-NULL category values.
  • r.buffer.lowmem - This is the low-memory alternative to the classic r.buffer module.
  • r.catchment - Creates a raster buffer of specified area around vector points using cost distances using r.walk.
  • r.circle - Creates a raster map containing concentric rings around a given point.
  • v.buffer - Creates a buffer around vector features of given type.
  • v.parallel - Creates parallel line to input vector lines.
  • v.rast.bufferstats - (null)

calibration

canny

canonical components analysis

  • i.cca - Canonical components analysis (CCA) program for image processing.

cartography

  • d.barscale - Displays a barscale on the graphics monitor.
  • d.graph - Program for generating and displaying simple graphics on the display monitor.
  • d.grid - Overlays a user-specified grid in the active display frame on the graphics monitor.
  • d.legend - Displays a legend for a 2D or 3D raster map in the active frame of the graphics monitor.
  • d.legend.vect - Displays a vector legend in the active graphics frame.
  • d.linegraph - Generates and displays simple line graphs in the active graphics monitor display frame.
  • d.northarrow - Displays a north arrow on the graphics monitor.
  • d.rast.leg - Displays a raster map and its legend on a graphics window
  • d.text - Draws text in the active display frame on the graphics monitor using the current font.
  • d.title - Create a TITLE for a raster map in a form suitable for display with d.text.
  • d.vect.chart - Displays charts of vector data in the active frame on the graphics monitor.
  • d.vect.thematic - Displays a thematic vector map in the active graphics frame.
  • d.vect.thematic2 - Displays thematic map created from vector features and numeric attributes.

catalog

category

  • r.category - Manages category values and labels associated with user-specified raster map layers.
  • r.category.trim - Export categories and corresponding colors as QGIS color file or csv file. Non-existing categories and their color definitions will be removed.
  • r.euro.ecosystem - Sets colors and categories of European ecosystem raster data set
  • r.extract - Extracts specified categories of an integer input map.
  • r.fill.category - Replaces the values of pixels of a given category with values of the surrounding pixels.
  • r.sample.category - Create sampling points from each category in a raster map
  • r3.count.categories - Count categories in vertical direction
  • v.category - Attaches, deletes or reports vector categories to/from/of map geometry.
  • v.to.db - Populates attribute values from vector features.

center

centerpoint

  • r.centroids - Creates vector map of centroids from raster of "clumps".

centrality measures

  • v.net.centrality - Computes degree, centrality, betweeness, closeness and eigenvector centrality measures in the network.

centroid

  • r.centroids - Creates vector map of centroids from raster of "clumps".
  • v.centroids - Adds missing centroids to closed boundaries.

change detection

change vector analysis

  • i.cva - Performs Change Vector Analysis (CVA) in two dimensions.

channels

  • v.civil - Generates a alignment for designing roads, channels, and ports in civil engineering

chart maps

  • d.vect.chart - Displays charts of vector data in the active frame on the graphics monitor.

choropleth map

circle

  • r.circle - Creates a raster map containing concentric rings around a given point.
  • v.buffer - Creates a buffer around vector features of given type.

citation

  • g.citation - Provide scientific citation for GRASS modules and add-ons.

citing

  • g.version - Optionally also prints build or copyright information.

civil engineering

  • v.civil - Generates a alignment for designing roads, channels, and ports in civil engineering

classification

  • g.gui.iclass - wxGUI Supervised Classification Tool
  • i.cluster - The resulting signature file is used as input for i.maxlik, to generate an unsupervised image classification.
  • i.gensig - Generates statistics for i.maxlik from raster map.
  • i.gensigset - Generates statistics for i.smap from raster map.
  • i.maxlik - Classification is based on the spectral signature information generated by either i.cluster, g.gui.iclass, or i.gensig.
  • i.segment - Identifies segments (objects) from imagery data.
  • i.signatures - Manage imagery classification signature files
  • i.smap - Performs contextual image classification using sequential maximum a posteriori (SMAP) estimation.
  • i.svm.predict - Predict with a Support Vector Machine
  • i.svm.train - Train a Support Vector Machine
  • r.confusionmatrix - Calculates a confusion matrix and accuracies for a given classification using r.kappa.
  • r.kappa - Calculates error matrix and kappa parameter for accuracy assessment of classification result.
  • r.learn.ml - Supervised classification and regression of GRASS rasters using the python scikit-learn package
  • r.learn.predict - Apply a fitted scikit-learn estimator to rasters in a GRASS GIS imagery group.
  • r.learn.train - Supervised classification and regression of GRASS rasters using the python scikit-learn package.
  • r.terrain.texture - Unsupervised nested-means algorithm for terrain classification
  • v.class - Classifies attribute data, e.g. for thematic mapping
  • v.class.mlR - Provides supervised support vector machine classification
  • v.class.mlpy - Vector supervised classification tool which uses attributes as classification parametres (order of columns matters, names not), cat column identifies feature, class_column is excluded from classification parametres.
  • v.lidar.mcc - Reclassifies points of a LiDAR point cloud as ground / non-ground using a multiscale curvature based classification algorithm.
  • wxGUI Supervised Classification Tool - wxGUI Supervised Classification Tool

classifiers

  • v.class.mlR - Provides supervised support vector machine classification

cleaning

  • v.clean.ogr - Imports vector data into a GRASS vector map, cleans the data topologically, and exports them again using OGR library.

clip

  • r.clip - Extracts portion of the input raster map which is in the current computational region
  • v.clip - Extracts features of input map which overlay features of clip map.
  • v.overlay - Overlays two vector maps offering clip, intersection, difference, symmetrical difference, union operators.

cloud detection

clump

clumps

  • r.centroids - Creates vector map of centroids from raster of "clumps".
  • r.clump - Recategorizes data in a raster map by grouping cells that form physically discrete areas into unique categories.
  • r.neighborhoodmatrix - Calculates geometry parameters for raster objects.
  • r.object.geometry - Calculates geometry parameters for raster objects.
  • r.object.thickness - Evaluates minimum, maximum and mean thickness of objects of a given category on a raster map.
  • r.volume - Optionally produces a GRASS vector points map containing the calculated centroids of these clumps.

cluster

collection

color

  • r.category.trim - Export categories and corresponding colors as QGIS color file or csv file. Non-existing categories and their color definitions will be removed.
  • r.euro.ecosystem - Sets colors and categories of European ecosystem raster data set
  • r.out.legend - Create an image file showing the legend of a raster map

color table

  • d.colortable - Displays the color table associated with a raster map layer.
  • r.category.trim - Export categories and corresponding colors as QGIS color file or csv file. Non-existing categories and their color definitions will be removed.
  • r.colors - Creates/modifies the color table associated with a raster map.
  • r.colors.cubehelix - Create or apply a cubehelix color table to a GRASS raster map
  • r.colors.matplotlib - Convert or apply a Matplotlib color table to a GRASS raster map
  • r.colors.out - Exports the color table associated with a raster map.
  • r.colors.out_sld - Exports the color table associated with a raster map layer in SLD format.
  • r.colors.stddev - Sets color rules based on stddev from a raster map's mean value.
  • r.out.legend - Create an image file showing the legend of a raster map
  • r.what.color - Queries colors for a raster map layer.
  • r3.colors - Creates/modifies the color table associated with a 3D raster map.
  • r3.colors.out - Exports the color table associated with a 3D raster map.
  • t.rast.colors - Creates/modifies the color table associated with each raster map of the space time raster dataset.
  • v.colors - Creates/modifies the color table associated with a vector map.
  • v.colors.out - Exports the color table associated with a vector map.
  • v.colors2 - Sets color rules for features in a vector map using a numeric attribute column.
  • v.greedycolors - Create greedy colors for vector areas.

color transformation

  • d.his - Displays the result obtained by combining hue, intensity, and saturation (HIS) values from user-specified input raster map layers.
  • i.his.rgb - Transforms raster maps from HIS (Hue-Intensity-Saturation) color space to RGB (Red-Green-Blue) color space.
  • i.rgb.his - Transforms raster maps from RGB (Red-Green-Blue) color space to HIS (Hue-Intensity-Saturation) color space.
  • r.his - Generates red, green and blue (RGB) raster map layers combining hue, intensity and saturation (HIS) values from user-specified input raster map layers.

colors

column water vapor

  • i.landsat8.swlst - Practical split-window algorithm estimating Land Surface Temperature from Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS imagery (Du, Chen; Ren, Huazhong; Qin, Qiming; Meng, Jinjie; Zhao, Shaohua. 2015)

columns

compactness

  • v.to.db - Populates attribute values from vector features.

complete spatial randomness

  • r.pi.csr.mw - Complete Spatial Randomness analysis on moving window.

components

composite

  • r.blend - Blends color components of two raster maps by a given ratio.
  • r.composite - Combines red, green and blue raster maps into a single composite raster map.

compression

computation window centre

  • i.rotate - Rotates the image around the centre of the computational window

computational region

  • g.region - Manages the boundary definitions for the geographic region.

connection settings

connections resources

  • m.csw.update - Update catalogue service for the web connections resources candidates.

connectivity

connectivity analysis

  • r.pi.energy - Individual-based dispersal model for connectivity analysis - energy based.
  • r.pi.energy.pr - Individual-based dispersal model for connectivity analysis (energy based) using iterative patch removal.
  • r.pi.graph - Graph Theory for connectivity analysis.
  • r.pi.graph.dec - Graph Theory - successive criteria-based deletion of patches.
  • r.pi.graph.pr - Graph Theory - iterative removal (patch relevance analysis).
  • r.pi.graph.red - Graph Theory - decreasing distance threshold option.
  • r.pi.odc - Omnidirectional connectivity analysis
  • r.pi.searchtime - Individual-based dispersal model for connectivity analysis (time-based)
  • r.pi.searchtime.mw - Individual-based dispersal model for connectivity analysis (time-based) using moving window
  • r.pi.searchtime.pr - Individual-based dispersal model for connectivity analysis (time-based) using iterative removal of patches

contour

  • t.rast.contour - Produces a space time vector dataset of specified contours from a space time raster dataset.

contours

  • r.contour - Produces a vector map of specified contours from a raster map.

contrast

conversion

  • r.in.ascii - Converts a GRASS ASCII raster file to binary raster map.
  • r.in.pdal - Creates a raster map from LAS LiDAR points using univariate statistics.
  • r.in.pdal - Creates a raster map from LAS LiDAR points using univariate statistics and r.in.xyz.
  • r.in.xyz - Creates a raster map from an assemblage of many coordinates using univariate statistics.
  • r.out.xyz - Exports a raster map to a text file as x,y,z values based on cell centers.
  • r.to.rast3 - Converts 2D raster map slices to one 3D raster volume map.
  • r.to.rast3elev - Creates a 3D volume map based on 2D elevation and value raster maps.
  • r.to.vect - Converts a raster map into a vector map.
  • r.to.vect.lines - Convert raster rows to vector lines.
  • r.to.vect.tiled - Converts a raster map into vector tiles.
  • r.vol.dem - Creates a 3D raster model (voxels) from a series of raster DEMs
  • r3.count.categories - Count categories in vertical direction
  • r3.in.ascii - Converts a 3D ASCII raster text file into a (binary) 3D raster map.
  • r3.in.xyz - Create a 3D raster map from an assemblage of many coordinates using univariate statistics
  • r3.out.ascii - Converts a 3D raster map layer into a ASCII text file.
  • r3.to.group - Convert a 3D raster map to imagery group
  • r3.to.rast - Converts 3D raster maps to 2D raster maps
  • t.rast.out.xyz - Export space time raster dataset to a CSV file.
  • t.rast.to.rast3 - Converts a space time raster dataset into a 3D raster map.
  • t.rast.to.vect - Converts a space time raster dataset into a space time vector dataset
  • v.convert - Imports older versions of GRASS vector maps.
  • v.convert.all - Converts all older versions of GRASS vector maps in current mapset to current format.
  • v.tin.to.rast - Converts (rasterize) a TIN map into a raster map
  • v.to.rast - Converts (rasterize) a vector map into a raster map.
  • v.to.rast.multi - Create raster maps for multiple numeric attribute columns of a vector map
  • v.to.rast3 - Converts a vector map (only points) into a 3D raster map.

convolution

coordinates

  • g.isis3mt - Generates an ISIS3 map template file according to the current GRASS GIS coordinate reference system.
  • v.to.db - Populates attribute values from vector features.

copy

  • g.copy - Copies available data files in the current mapset search path to the user's current mapset.
  • g.copyall - Copies all or a filtered subset of files of selected type from another mapset to the current working mapset.
  • i.signature.copy - Copies signature file from a group/subgroup to another group/subgroup.
  • t.copy - Creates a copy of a space time raster dataset.

copying

  • r.pack - Exports a raster map as GRASS GIS specific archive file
  • r.unpack - Imports a GRASS GIS specific raster archive file (packed with r.pack) as a raster map
  • v.pack - Exports a vector map as GRASS GIS specific archive file
  • v.unpack - Imports a GRASS GIS specific vector archive file (packed with v.pack) as a vector map
  • g.version - Optionally also prints build or copyright information.

correlation

  • d.correlate - Prints a graph of the correlation between raster maps (in pairs).
  • r.scatterplot - Creates a scatter plot of two or more raster maps as a vector map
  • r3.scatterplot - Creates a scatter plot of two or more 3D raster maps as a vector map

correlation analysis

corridor

cost allocation

  • r.cost - Creates a raster map showing the cumulative cost of moving between different geographic locations on an input raster map whose cell category values represent cost.
  • r.walk - Creates a raster map showing the anisotropic cumulative cost of moving between different geographic locations on an input raster map whose cell category values represent cost.
  • v.net.alloc - Center node must be opened (costs >= 0). Costs of center node are used in calculation.
  • v.net.iso - Splits net to bands between cost isolines (direction from center). Center node must be opened (costs >= 0). Costs of center node are used in calculation.

cost distance

cost surface

  • r.cost - Creates a raster map showing the cumulative cost of moving between different geographic locations on an input raster map whose cell category values represent cost.
  • r.drain - Traces a flow through an elevation model or cost surface on a raster map.
  • r.path - Traces paths from starting points following input directions.
  • r.walk - Creates a raster map showing the anisotropic cumulative cost of moving between different geographic locations on an input raster map whose cell category values represent cost.

coverages

crater

  • r.crater - Creates meteorites from craters (-c) or craters from meteorites (default).

create

create location

create project

  • g.proj - Can also be used to create new GRASS projects.
  • r.in.gdal - Imports raster data into a GRASS raster map using GDAL library.
  • t.rast.import - Imports space time raster dataset.
  • t.vect.import - Imports a space time vector dataset from a GRASS GIS specific archive file.
  • v.in.ogr - Imports vector data into a GRASS vector map using OGR library.

critical rainfall

  • r.shalstab - A model for shallow landslide susceptibility.

crop

  • r.clip - Extracts portion of the input raster map which is in the current computational region

cross-validation

  • v.surf.rst.cv - Performs cross-validation proceedure to optimize the parameterization of v.surf.rst tension and smoothing paramters.

csw

cubehelix

cumulative costs

  • r.cost - Creates a raster map showing the cumulative cost of moving between different geographic locations on an input raster map whose cell category values represent cost.
  • r.spreadpath - Recursively traces the least cost path backwards to cells from which the cumulative cost was determined.
  • r.walk - Creates a raster map showing the anisotropic cumulative cost of moving between different geographic locations on an input raster map whose cell category values represent cost.

curvature

dambreak

  • r.damflood - Estimate the area potentially inundated in case of dam break

dasymetry

data

database

  • db.columns - List all columns for a given table.
  • db.connect - Prints/sets general DB connection for current mapset.
  • db.copy - Either 'from_table' (optionally with 'where') can be used or 'select' option, but not 'from_table' and 'select' at the same time.
  • db.createdb - Creates an empty database.
  • db.databases - Lists all databases for a given driver and location.
  • db.describe - Describes a table in detail.
  • db.drivers - Lists all database drivers.
  • db.dropcolumn - Drops a column from selected attribute table.
  • db.dropdb - Removes an existing database.
  • db.droptable - Drops an attribute table.
  • db.execute - For SELECT statements use 'db.select'.
  • db.in.ogr - Imports attribute tables in various formats.
  • db.join - Joins a database table to another database table.
  • db.login - Sets user/password for DB driver/database.
  • db.out.ogr - Exports attribute tables into various formats.
  • db.select - Performs SQL query statement(s).
  • db.tables - Lists all tables for a given database.
  • db.test - Test database driver, database must exist and set by db.connect.
  • db.univar - Calculates univariate statistics on selected table column.
  • g.gui.dbmgr - wxGUI Attribute Table Manager
  • t.vect.db.select - Prints attributes of vector maps registered in a space time vector dataset.
  • v.area.stats - Populates attribute values from vector features.
  • v.db.addcolumn - Adds one or more columns to the attribute table connected to a given vector map.
  • v.db.addtable - Creates and connects a new attribute table to a given layer of an existing vector map.
  • v.db.connect - Prints/sets DB connection for a vector map to attribute table.
  • v.db.dropcolumn - Drops a column from the attribute table connected to a given vector map.
  • v.db.droprow - Removes a vector feature from a vector map through attribute selection.
  • v.db.droptable - Removes existing attribute table of a vector map.
  • v.db.join - Joins a database table to a vector map table.
  • v.db.pyupdate - Updates a column in a vector attribute table using Python code
  • v.db.reconnect.all - Reconnects attribute tables for all vector maps from the current mapset to a new database.
  • v.db.renamecolumn - Renames a column in the attribute table connected to a given vector map.
  • v.db.select - Prints vector map attributes.
  • v.db.update - Updates a column in the attribute table connected to a vector map.
  • v.distance - Finds the nearest element in vector map 'to' for elements in vector map 'from'.
  • v.in.db - Creates new vector (points) map from database table containing coordinates.
  • v.to.db - Populates attribute values from vector features.
  • v.vect.stats - Count points in areas, calculate statistics from point attributes.
  • v.what.vect - Uploads vector values at positions of vector points to the table.

dataset

  • i.eodag - Downloads imagery scenes from various providers through the EODAG API.

decimation

  • v.decimate - Copies points from one vector to another while applying different decimations

decomposition

deep learning

  • i.sam2 - Integrates SAMGeo model with text prompt for segmentation in GRASS GIS.

delta T

  • i.eb.deltat - Computes the difference of temperature between surface skin temperature and air temperature at 2m as part of sensible heat flux calculations.

dem

  • r.in.ahn - Imports the 0.5 meter resolution dtm or dsm from the AHN (Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland (AHN), version 4.

demand

  • r.futures.demand - Script for creating demand table which determines the quantity of land change expected.

densification

  • v.split - Splits vector lines to shorter segments.

density

deposition

  • r.sim.sediment - Sediment transport and erosion/deposition simulation using path sampling method (SIMWE).

depressions

  • r.fill.dir - Filters and generates a depressionless elevation map and a flow direction map from a given elevation raster map.

destripe

  • i.destripe - Destripes regularly, about vertical, striped image using Fourier.

detection

  • i.water - Water detection from satellite data derived indices, 1 if found, 0 if not

diagram

  • d.correlate - Prints a graph of the correlation between raster maps (in pairs).
  • d.polar - Draws polar diagram of angle map such as aspect or flow directions
  • r.scatterplot - Creates a scatter plot of two or more raster maps as a vector map
  • r3.scatterplot - Creates a scatter plot of two or more 3D raster maps as a vector map

difference

  • v.overlay - Overlays two vector maps offering clip, intersection, difference, symmetrical difference, union operators.

digitizer

direction

disease

  • r.pops.spread - A dynamic species distribution model for pest or pathogen spread in forest or agricultural ecosystems (PoPS)

displacement

display

  • 3D visualization - wxGUI 3D View Mode
  • Interactive scatter plot - wxGUI Interactive Scatter Plot Tool
  • Raster digitizer - wxGUI Raster Digitizer
  • d.background - Fills the graphics display frame with user defined color.
  • d.barscale - Displays a barscale on the graphics monitor.
  • d.colorlist - Outputs a list of all available display colors.
  • d.colortable - Displays the color table associated with a raster map layer.
  • d.correlate - Prints a graph of the correlation between raster maps (in pairs).
  • d.erase - Erases the contents of the active graphics display frame with user defined color.
  • d.explanation.plot - Draw a plot of multiple rasters to explain a raster operation for example a + b = c
  • d.font - Selects the font in which text will be displayed on the user's graphics monitor.
  • d.fontlist - Lists the available fonts.
  • d.frame - Manages display frames on the user's graphics monitor.
  • d.frame - Manages display frames on the user's graphics monitor.
  • d.geodesic - Displays a geodesic line, tracing the shortest distance between two geographic points along a great circle, in a longitude/latitude data set.
  • d.graph - Program for generating and displaying simple graphics on the display monitor.
  • d.grid - Overlays a user-specified grid in the active display frame on the graphics monitor.
  • d.his - Displays the result obtained by combining hue, intensity, and saturation (HIS) values from user-specified input raster map layers.
  • d.histogram - Displays a histogram in the form of a pie or bar chart for a user-specified raster map.
  • d.info - Display monitors are maintained by d.mon.
  • d.labels - Displays text labels (created with v.label) to the active frame on the graphics monitor.
  • d.legend - Displays a legend for a 2D or 3D raster map in the active frame of the graphics monitor.
  • d.legend.vect - Displays a vector legend in the active graphics frame.
  • d.linegraph - Generates and displays simple line graphs in the active graphics monitor display frame.
  • d.mon - Controls graphics display monitors from the command line.
  • d.mon2 - Starts a graphics display monitor which can be controlled from the command line.
  • d.northarrow - Displays a north arrow on the graphics monitor.
  • d.out.file - Saves the contents of the active display monitor to a graphics file.
  • d.path - Finds shortest path for selected starting and ending node.
  • d.polar - Draws polar diagram of angle map such as aspect or flow directions
  • d.profile - Plots profile of a transect.
  • d.rast - Displays user-specified raster map in the active graphics frame.
  • d.rast.arrow - Draws arrows representing cell aspect direction for a raster map containing aspect data.
  • d.rast.edit - Edits cell values in a raster map.
  • d.rast.leg - Displays a raster map and its legend on a graphics window
  • d.rast.num - Overlays cell category values on a raster map displayed in the active graphics frame.
  • d.redraw - Redraws the content of currently selected monitor.
  • d.region.grid - Drapes a color raster over an shaded relief or aspect map.
  • d.rgb - Displays three user-specified raster maps as red, green, and blue overlays in the active graphics frame.
  • d.rhumbline - Displays the rhumbline joining two longitude/latitude coordinates.
  • d.shade - Drapes a color raster over an shaded relief or aspect map.
  • d.text - Draws text in the active display frame on the graphics monitor using the current font.
  • d.title - Create a TITLE for a raster map in a form suitable for display with d.text.
  • d.to.rast - Saves the contents of the active display monitor to a raster map.
  • d.vect - Displays user-specified vector map in the active graphics frame.
  • d.vect.chart - Displays charts of vector data in the active frame on the graphics monitor.
  • d.vect.thematic - Displays a thematic vector map in the active graphics frame.
  • d.vect.thematic2 - Displays thematic map created from vector features and numeric attributes.
  • d.what.rast - Allows the user to interactively query raster map layers at user-selected locations.
  • d.what.vect - Allows the user to interactively query vector map layers at user-selected locations.
  • d.where - Identifies the geographic coordinates associated with point locations given in display coordinates.
  • g.cairocomp - Overlays multiple X Pixmaps.
  • g.gui.animation - wxGUI Animation tool
  • g.gui.iclass - wxGUI Supervised Classification Tool
  • g.gui.mapswipe - wxGUI Map Swipe
  • g.gui.rdigit - wxGUI Raster Digitizer
  • g.mkfontcap - Generates the font configuration file by scanning various directories for fonts.
  • g.pnmcomp - Overlays multiple PPM image files.
  • g.ppmtopng - Converts between PPM/PGM and PNG image formats.
  • r.boxplot - Draws the boxplot of raster values. Optionally, this is done per category of a zonal raster layer
  • r.series.boxplot - Draws the boxplot of raster values of a series of input rasters.
  • r3.mkdspf - Creates a display file from an existing 3D raster map according to specified threshold levels.
  • t.rast.boxplot - Draws the boxplot of the raster maps of a space-time raster dataset
  • t.rast.line - Draws line plots of the raster maps in a space-time raster dataset
  • v.boxplot - Draws a boxplot of values from a specified attribute column in a vector dataset, with an optional grouping based on categories in another column.
  • v.faultdirections - Creates a polar plot of fault directions
  • wxGUI Supervised Classification Tool - wxGUI Supervised Classification Tool
  • wxpyimgview - Views BMP images from the PNG driver.
  • ximgview - View BMP images from the PNG driver.

dissolve

  • v.dissolve - Dissolves adjacent or overlapping features sharing a common category number or attribute.
  • v.extract - Selects vector features from an existing vector map and creates a new vector map containing only the selected features.

distance

  • d.geodesic - Displays a geodesic line, tracing the shortest distance between two geographic points along a great circle, in a longitude/latitude data set.
  • d.rhumbline - Displays the rhumbline joining two longitude/latitude coordinates.
  • m.cogo - It assumes a cartesian coordinate system
  • m.measure - Measures the lengths and areas of features.
  • r.distance - Locates the closest points between objects in two raster maps.
  • r.grow - Generates a raster map layer with contiguous areas grown by one cell.
  • r.grow.distance - Generates a raster map containing distances to nearest raster features and/or the value of the nearest non-null cell.
  • r.windfetch - Computes wind fetch which is the length of water over which winds blow without obstruction
  • v.distance - Finds the nearest element in vector map 'to' for elements in vector map 'from'.

divergence

  • r.divergence - Computes divergence of a vector field defined by magnitude and direction

diversity index

download

drainage

  • r.stream.variables - Calculation of contiguous stream-specific variables that account for the upstream environment (based on r.stream.watersheds).
  • r.stream.watersheds - Sub-watershed and sub-stream delineation based on the drainage direction and a gridded stream network.
  • r.watershed - Calculates hydrological parameters and RUSLE factors.

ecology

ecosystem

edge detection

  • i.edge - Canny edge detector.
  • r.smooth.seg - Generates a piece-wise smooth approximation of the input raster and a discontinuity map.

edges

  • i.zc - Zero-crossing "edge detection" raster function for image processing.
  • v.lidar.edgedetection - Detects the object's edges from a LIDAR data set.

editing

elevation

emissivity

  • i.emissivity - Computes emissivity from NDVI, generic method for sparse land.

endmember

  • i.pysptools.unmix - Extract endmembers from imagery group and perform spectral unmixing using pysptools

energy balance

  • i.eb.deltat - Computes the difference of temperature between surface skin temperature and air temperature at 2m as part of sensible heat flux calculations.
  • i.eb.eta - Actual evapotranspiration for diurnal period (Bastiaanssen, 1995).
  • i.eb.evapfr - Computes evaporative fraction and root zone soil moisture.
  • i.eb.hsebal01 - Computes sensible heat flux iteration SEBAL 01.
  • i.eb.hsebal95 - Performs sensible heat flux iteration (SEBAL 95).
  • i.eb.netrad - Net radiation approximation (Bastiaanssen, 1995).
  • i.eb.soilheatflux - Soil heat flux approximation (Bastiaanssen, 1995).
  • i.eb.z0m - Computes momentum roughness length (z0m) and surface roughness for heat transport (z0h) after Bastiaanssen (2004).
  • i.eb.z0m0 - Computes momentum roughness length (z0m) and surface roughness for heat transport (z0h) after Bastiaanssen (2004).
  • i.emissivity - Computes emissivity from NDVI, generic method for sparse land.

eodag

  • i.eodag - Downloads imagery scenes from various providers through the EODAG API.

erase

  • d.background - Fills the graphics display frame with user defined color.

erosion

  • r.sim.sediment - Sediment transport and erosion/deposition simulation using path sampling method (SIMWE).
  • r.soillossbare - Calculates annual soil loss [t/(ha*a)] for bare soil. Use r.soillosscropland.py afterwards for grown soil.
  • r.uslek - Computes USLE Soil Erodibility Factor (K).
  • r.usler - Computes USLE R factor, Rainfall erosivity index.

erosion modeling

  • r.landscape.evol - Simulates the cumulative effect of erosion and deposition on a landscape over time.

evaporative fraction

evapotranspiration

  • i.evapo.mh - Computes evapotranspiration calculation modified or original Hargreaves formulation, 2001.
  • i.evapo.pm - Computes potential evapotranspiration calculation with hourly Penman-Monteith.
  • i.evapo.potrad - Potential evapotranspiration, radiative method after Bastiaanssen (1995)
  • i.evapo.pt - Computes evapotranspiration calculation Priestley and Taylor formulation, 1972.
  • i.evapo.senay - Actual evapotranspiration, method after Senay (2007)
  • i.evapo.time - Computes temporal integration of satellite ET actual (ETa) following the daily ET reference (ETo) from meteorological station(s).
  • i.evapo.zk - Computes global evapotranspiration calculation after Zhang, Kimball, Nemani and Running formulation, 2010.

eveness

evolution

export

  • d.out.file - Saves the contents of the active display monitor to a graphics file.
  • d.to.rast - Saves the contents of the active display monitor to a raster map.
  • db.out.ogr - Exports attribute tables into various formats.
  • r.colors.out - Exports the color table associated with a raster map.
  • r.colors.out_sld - Exports the color table associated with a raster map layer in SLD format.
  • r.external.out - Redirects raster output to file utilizing GDAL library rather than storing in GRASS raster format.
  • r.out.ascii - Converts a raster map layer into a GRASS ASCII text file.
  • r.out.bin - Exports a GRASS raster to a binary array.
  • r.out.gdal - Exports GRASS raster maps into GDAL supported formats.
  • r.out.gridatb - Exports GRASS raster map to GRIDATB.FOR map file (TOPMODEL).
  • r.out.mat - Exports a GRASS raster to a binary MAT-File.
  • r.out.maxent_swd - Exports map data as input to MaxEnt in SWD format
  • r.out.mpeg - Converts raster map series to MPEG movie.
  • r.out.png - Export a GRASS raster map as a non-georeferenced PNG image.
  • r.out.pov - Converts a raster map layer into a height-field file for POV-Ray.
  • r.out.ppm - Converts a GRASS raster map to a PPM image file.
  • r.out.ppm3 - Converts 3 GRASS raster layers (R,G,B) to a PPM image file.
  • r.out.tiff - Exports a GRASS raster map to a 8/24bit TIFF image file.
  • r.out.vrml - Exports a raster map to the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML).
  • r.out.vtk - Converts raster maps into the VTK-ASCII format.
  • r.out.xyz - Exports a raster map to a text file as x,y,z values based on cell centers.
  • r.pack - Exports a raster map as GRASS GIS specific archive file
  • r3.colors.out - Exports the color table associated with a 3D raster map.
  • r3.out.ascii - Converts a 3D raster map layer into a ASCII text file.
  • r3.out.bin - Exports a GRASS 3D raster map to a binary array.
  • r3.out.netcdf - Export a 3D raster map as netCDF file.
  • r3.out.v5d - Exports GRASS 3D raster map to 3-dimensional Vis5D file.
  • r3.out.vtk - Converts 3D raster maps into the VTK-ASCII format.
  • t.rast.export - Exports space time raster dataset.
  • t.rast.out.vtk - Exports space time raster dataset as VTK time series.
  • t.rast.out.xyz - Export space time raster dataset to a CSV file.
  • t.vect.export - Exports a space time vector dataset as GRASS GIS specific archive file.
  • v.colors.out - Exports the color table associated with a vector map.
  • v.db.select - Prints vector map attributes.
  • v.external.out - Defines vector output format.
  • v.maxent.swd - Export raster values at given point locations as text file in SWD format for input in Maxent. In addition, the addon can export the environmental raster layers as ascii files.
  • v.out.ascii - By default only features with category are exported. To export all features use 'layer=-1'.
  • v.out.dxf - Exports vector map to DXF file format.
  • v.out.gps - Exports a vector map to a GPS receiver or file format supported by GPSBabel.
  • v.out.ogr - By default a vector map layer is exported to OGC GeoPackage format.
  • v.out.ply - Exports a vector map to a PLY file.
  • v.out.png - Export vector map as PNG
  • v.out.pov - Converts GRASS x,y,z points to POV-Ray x,z,y format.
  • v.out.svg - Exports a vector map to SVG file.
  • v.out.vtk - Converts a vector map to VTK ASCII output.
  • v.pack - Exports a vector map as GRASS GIS specific archive file
  • v.ply.rectify - Imports PLY points, georeferences and exports them.

extensions

  • g.extension - Downloads and installs extensions from GRASS Addons repository or other source into the local GRASS installation or removes installed extensions.
  • g.extension.all - By default only extensions built against different GIS Library are rebuilt.

extent

  • g.region - Manages the boundary definitions for the geographic region.
  • r.clip - Extracts portion of the input raster map which is in the current computational region
  • r.extract - Extracts specified categories of an integer input map.
  • r.info - Outputs basic information about a raster map.
  • r3.info - Outputs basic information about a user-specified 3D raster map layer.
  • t.info - Lists information about space time datasets and maps.
  • t.info.iso - Lists information about space time datasets and maps.
  • v.info - Outputs basic information about a vector map.

exterior

external

  • r.external - Links GDAL supported raster data as a pseudo GRASS raster map.
  • r.external.out - Redirects raster output to file utilizing GDAL library rather than storing in GRASS raster format.
  • v.build.pg - Builds PostGIS topology for vector map linked via v.external.
  • v.external - Creates a new pseudo-vector map as a link to an OGR-supported layer or a PostGIS feature table.
  • v.external.all - Links all OGR layers available in given OGR datasource.
  • v.external.out - Defines vector output format.

extract

  • r.clip - Extracts portion of the input raster map which is in the current computational region
  • r.extract - Extracts specified categories of an integer input map.
  • t.rast.extract - Extracts a subset of a space time raster datasets.
  • t.rast3d.extract - Extracts a subset of a space time 3D raster dataset.
  • t.vect.extract - Extracts a subset of a space time vector dataset.
  • v.decimate - Copies points from one vector to another while applying different decimations
  • v.extract - Selects vector features from an existing vector map and creates a new vector map containing only the selected features.
  • v.outlier - Removes outliers from vector point data.

features

fill

  • d.background - Fills the graphics display frame with user defined color.
  • v.fill.holes - Fill holes in areas by keeping only outer boundaries

fill sinks

  • r.fill.dir - Filters and generates a depressionless elevation map and a flow direction map from a given elevation raster map.

filter

  • i.gabor - Creates Gabor filter bank for a 2-dimensional image
  • r.futures.devpressure - Module for computing development pressure
  • r.mfilter - Performs raster map matrix filter.
  • r.neighbors - Makes each cell category value a function of the category values assigned to the cells around it, and stores new cell values in an output raster map layer.
  • r.resamp.filter - Resamples raster map layers using an analytic kernel.
  • r.series.filter - Performs filtering of raster time series X (in time domain).
  • r3.neighbors - Makes each voxel value a function of the values assigned to the voxels around it, and stores new voxel values in an output 3D raster map
  • v.outlier - Removes outliers from vector point data.

filtering

  • r.hants - Approximates a periodic time series and creates approximated output.
  • r.seasons - Extracts seasons from a time series.
  • r.series.lwr - Approximates a time series and creates approximated, gap-filled output.

fire

  • r.ros - Generates three, or four raster map layers showing the base (perpendicular) rate of spread (ROS), the maximum (forward) ROS, the direction of the maximum ROS, and optionally the maximum potential spotting distance for fire spread simulation.
  • r.spread - Generates a raster map of the cumulative time of spread, given raster maps containing the rates of spread (ROS), the ROS directions and the spread origins. It optionally produces raster maps to contain backlink UTM coordinates for tracing spread paths. Usable for fire spread simulations.
  • r.spreadpath - Recursively traces the least cost path backwards to cells from which the cumulative cost was determined.

flip

flood

  • r.hand - Performs Height Above Nearest Drainage (HAND) analysis and flood inundation mapping with HAND method.
  • r.lake - Fills lake at given point to given level.
  • r.lake.series - Fills lake at given point(s) to given levels.

flow

  • r.sim.water - Overland flow hydrologic simulation using path sampling method (SIMWE).
  • r.sim.water.mp - Overland flow hydrologic simulation using path sampling method (SIMWE).
  • r.terraflow - Performs flow computation for massive grids.
  • v.net.flow - Computes the maximum flow between two sets of nodes in the network.

flows

focal statistics

  • r.neighbors - Makes each cell category value a function of the category values assigned to the cells around it, and stores new cell values in an output raster map layer.
  • r3.neighbors - Makes each voxel value a function of the values assigned to the voxels around it, and stores new voxel values in an output 3D raster map

forest

  • r.forcircular - Evaluation of circular bioeconomy level of forest ecosystems
  • r.forestfrag - Computes the forest fragmentation index (Riitters et al. 2000)
  • r3.forestfrag - Computes the forest fragmentation index (Riitters et al. 2000)

forestry

fractal

  • r.surf.fractal - Creates a fractal surface of a given fractal dimension.
  • v.to.db - Populates attribute values from vector features.

fragmentation analysis

fragmentation index

  • r.forestfrag - Computes the forest fragmentation index (Riitters et al. 2000)
  • r3.forestfrag - Computes the forest fragmentation index (Riitters et al. 2000)

frame

  • d.frame - Manages display frames on the user's graphics monitor.
  • d.frame - Manages display frames on the user's graphics monitor.

fusion

  • i.fusion.hpf - Fusing high resolution panchromatic and low resolution multi-spectral data based on the High-Pass Filter Addition technique (Gangkofner, 2008).
  • i.pansharpen - Image fusion algorithms to sharpen multispectral with high-res panchromatic channels
  • i.wavelet - Decompostion/Recomposition in temporal dimension using wavelets
  • r.fusion - image fusion, generalized pan-sharpening

fuzzy logic

  • r.fuzzy.logic - Performs logical operations on membership images created with r.fuzzy.set or different method. Use families for fuzzy logic.
  • r.fuzzy.set - Calculate membership value of any raster map according user's rules.
  • r.fuzzy.system - Fuzzy logic classification system with multiple fuzzy logic families implication and defuzzification and methods.

gauss

gazetteer

  • v.in.geonames - Imports geonames.org country files into a vector points map.
  • v.in.gns - Imports US-NGA GEOnet Names Server (GNS) country files into a GRASS vector points map.

gdal

general

generalization

  • v.decimate - Copies points from one vector to another while applying different decimations
  • v.generalize - Performs vector based generalization.

geology

geometry

  • g.gui.gcp - wxGUI GCP Manager
  • g.gui.image2target - wxGUI GCP Manager
  • g.gui.photo2image - wxGUI GCP Manager for photo to image registration
  • i.image.mosaic - Mosaics several images and extends colormap.
  • i.ortho.photo - Menu driver for the photo imagery programs.
  • i.rectify - Rectifies an image by computing a coordinate transformation for each pixel in the image based on the control points.
  • i.sentinel.coverage - Checks the area coverage of Sentinel-1 or Sentinel-2 scenes selected by filters.
  • r.circle - Creates a raster map containing concentric rings around a given point.
  • r.patch - Creates a composite raster map layer by using known category values from one (or more) map layer(s) to fill in areas of "no data" in another map layer.
  • r.region - Sets the boundary definitions for a raster map.
  • r.thin - Thins non-null cells that denote linear features in a raster map layer.
  • r.to.vect - Converts a raster map into a vector map.
  • r.to.vect.tiled - Converts a raster map into vector tiles.
  • v.buffer - Creates a buffer around vector features of given type.
  • v.build - Optionally also checks for topological errors.
  • v.build.polylines - Builds polylines from lines or boundaries.
  • v.centerpoint - Calculate center points
  • v.clean - Toolset for cleaning topology of vector map.
  • v.clean.ogr - Imports vector data into a GRASS vector map, cleans the data topologically, and exports them again using OGR library.
  • v.concave.hull - Creates a concave hull around points.
  • v.delaunay - Creates a Delaunay triangulation from an input vector map containing points or centroids.
  • v.drape - Converts 2D vector features to 3D by sampling of elevation raster map.
  • v.edit - Edits a vector map, allows adding, deleting and modifying selected vector features.
  • v.ellipse - Computes the best-fitting ellipse for given vector data.
  • v.extrude - Optionally the height can be derived from sampling of elevation raster map.
  • v.fill.holes - Fill holes in areas by keeping only outer boundaries
  • v.fixed.segmentpoints - segment points along a vector line with fixed distances
  • v.generalize - Performs vector based generalization.
  • v.hull - Produces a 2D/3D convex hull for a given vector map.
  • v.in.gbif - importing of GBIF species distribution data
  • v.in.natura2000 - importing of Natura 2000 spatial data of protected areas
  • v.in.ogr - Imports vector data into a GRASS vector map using OGR library.
  • v.in.pygbif - Search and import GBIF species distribution data
  • v.in.redlist - importing of IUCN Red List Spatial Data
  • v.in.region - Creates a vector polygon from the current region extent.
  • v.mkgrid - Creates a vector map of a user-defined grid.
  • v.multi2singlepart - Split multi-part polygons into single-part polygons.
  • v.overlay - Overlays two vector maps offering clip, intersection, difference, symmetrical difference, union operators.
  • v.parallel - Creates parallel line to input vector lines.
  • v.patch - Creates a new vector map by combining other vector maps.
  • v.perturb - Random location perturbations of vector points.
  • v.rast.move - Move vertices by distance specified in a raster
  • v.rectify - Rectifies a vector by computing a coordinate transformation for each object in the vector based on the control points.
  • v.report - Reports geometry statistics for vector maps.
  • v.segment - Creates points/segments from input vector lines and positions.
  • v.select - Selects features from vector map (A) by features from other vector map (B).
  • v.split - Splits vector lines to shorter segments.
  • v.to.3d - Performs transformation of 2D vector features to 3D.
  • v.to.db - Populates attribute values from vector features.
  • v.to.lines - Converts vector polygons or points to lines.
  • v.to.points - Creates points along input lines in new vector map with 2 layers.
  • v.transform - Performs an affine transformation (shift, scale and rotate) on vector map.
  • v.type - Changes type of vector features.
  • v.univar - Variance and standard deviation is calculated only for points if specified.
  • v.voronoi - Creates a Voronoi diagram constrained to the extents of the current region from an input vector map containing points or centroids.

geomorphology

  • r.param.scale - Uses a multi-scale approach by taking fitting quadratic parameters to any size window (via least squares).
  • v.stream.inbasin - Subset a stream network into just one of its basins

geomorphons

  • r.geomorphon - Calculates geomorphons (terrain forms) and associated geometry using machine vision approach.

geophysics

georectification

geothermal

gradient

  • r.gradient - Create a gradient map
  • r3.gradient - Computes gradient of a 3D raster map and outputs gradient components as three 3D raster maps.

graph theory

graphical modeler

graphics

  • 3D visualization - wxGUI 3D View Mode
  • d.background - Fills the graphics display frame with user defined color.
  • d.erase - Erases the contents of the active graphics display frame with user defined color.
  • d.frame - Manages display frames on the user's graphics monitor.
  • d.frame - Manages display frames on the user's graphics monitor.
  • d.his - Displays the result obtained by combining hue, intensity, and saturation (HIS) values from user-specified input raster map layers.
  • d.info - Display monitors are maintained by d.mon.
  • d.mon - Controls graphics display monitors from the command line.
  • d.rast - Displays user-specified raster map in the active graphics frame.
  • d.redraw - Redraws the content of currently selected monitor.
  • d.rgb - Displays three user-specified raster maps as red, green, and blue overlays in the active graphics frame.
  • d.vect - Displays user-specified vector map in the active graphics frame.
  • m.nviz.image - Renders surfaces (raster data), 2D/3D vector data, and volumes (3D raster data) in 3D.
  • m.nviz.script - Creates fly-through script to run in NVIZ.
  • wxpyimgview - Views BMP images from the PNG driver.
  • ximgview - View BMP images from the PNG driver.

graticule

  • d.grid - Overlays a user-specified grid in the active display frame on the graphics monitor.

gravity

  • i.gravity - Bouguer gravity anomaly computation (full slab).

great circle

  • d.geodesic - Displays a geodesic line, tracing the shortest distance between two geographic points along a great circle, in a longitude/latitude data set.

grid

  • d.grid - Overlays a user-specified grid in the active display frame on the graphics monitor.
  • v.mkgrid - Creates a vector map of a user-defined grid.

ground control points

  • i.points.auto - Generate ground control points for image group to be rectified.

groundwater flow

  • r.gwflow - Numerical calculation program for transient, confined and unconfined groundwater flow in two dimensions.
  • r3.gwflow - Numerical calculation program for transient, confined groundwater flow in three dimensions.

group

grow

  • v.buffer - Creates a buffer around vector features of given type.

hamming

hann

harvesting

hazard

  • r.lake - Fills lake at given point to given level.
  • r.lake.series - Fills lake at given point(s) to given levels.
  • r.ros - Generates three, or four raster map layers showing the base (perpendicular) rate of spread (ROS), the maximum (forward) ROS, the direction of the maximum ROS, and optionally the maximum potential spotting distance for fire spread simulation.
  • r.spread - Generates a raster map of the cumulative time of spread, given raster maps containing the rates of spread (ROS), the ROS directions and the spread origins. It optionally produces raster maps to contain backlink UTM coordinates for tracing spread paths. Usable for fire spread simulations.

heat flux

heatmap

  • r.out.kde - Exports raster with variable transparency into an image file
  • v.kernel - Density is computed using a moving kernel. Optionally generates a vector density map on a vector network.

help

  • g.manual - Displays the manual pages of GRASS modules.

hermite

hexagon

  • v.mkgrid - Creates a vector map of a user-defined grid.

high pass filter

  • i.fusion.hpf - Fusing high resolution panchromatic and low resolution multi-spectral data based on the High-Pass Filter Addition technique (Gangkofner, 2008).

hillshade

  • d.region.grid - Drapes a color raster over an shaded relief or aspect map.
  • d.shade - Drapes a color raster over an shaded relief or aspect map.
  • r.relief - (null)
  • r.shade - Drapes a color raster over an shaded relief or aspect map.

histogram

  • d.histogram - Displays a histogram in the form of a pie or bar chart for a user-specified raster map.
  • v.boxplot - Draws a boxplot of values from a specified attribute column in a vector dataset, with an optional grouping based on categories in another column.
  • v.histogram - Draws the histogram of values in a vector attribute column

histogram matching

history

  • r.info - Outputs basic information about a raster map.
  • v.info - Outputs basic information about a vector map.

horizon

  • r.skyline - Compute the skyline index and / or find the horizon cells in a raster viewshed.

hotspot

  • v.kernel - Density is computed using a moving kernel. Optionally generates a vector density map on a vector network.

hydrology

  • r.accumulate - Calculates weighted flow accumulation, subwatersheds, stream networks, and longest flow paths using a flow direction map.
  • r.basin - Morphometric characterization of river basins
  • r.basins.fill - Generates watershed subbasins raster map.
  • r.carve - Takes vector stream data, transforms it to raster and subtracts depth from the output DEM.
  • r.drain - Traces a flow through an elevation model or cost surface on a raster map.
  • r.fill.dir - Filters and generates a depressionless elevation map and a flow direction map from a given elevation raster map.
  • r.findtheriver - Find the stream pixel nearest the input coordinate
  • r.flow - Computes flowlines, flowpath lengths, and flowaccumulation (contributing areas) from a elevation raster map.
  • r.flowaccumulation - Calculates flow accumulation from a flow direction raster map using the Memory-Efficient Flow Accumulation (MEFA) parallel algorithm by Cho (2023).
  • r.flowfill - Moves water downhill into pools or the ocean/map edge
  • r.gsflow.hydrodem - Creates hydrologically correct MODFLOW DEM from higher-res DEM
  • r.gwflow - Numerical calculation program for transient, confined and unconfined groundwater flow in two dimensions.
  • r.hand - Performs Height Above Nearest Drainage (HAND) analysis and flood inundation mapping with HAND method.
  • r.hazard.flood - Fast procedure to detect flood prone areas.
  • r.hydro.flatten - Derive elevation of water bodies for hydro-flattening
  • r.hydrobasin - Delineates a large number of watersheds using the Memory-Efficient Watershed Delineation (MESHED) OpenMP parallel algorithm by Cho (2025).
  • r.hydrodem - Hydrological conditioning, sink removal
  • r.lake - Fills lake at given point to given level.
  • r.lake.series - Fills lake at given point(s) to given levels.
  • r.landscape.evol - Simulates the cumulative effect of erosion and deposition on a landscape over time.
  • r.path - Traces paths from starting points following input directions.
  • r.richdem.breachdepressions - Breaches depressions using RichDEM
  • r.richdem.filldepressions - Floods depressions using RichDEM
  • r.richdem.flowaccumulation - Calculates flow accumulation via one of a variety of methods.
  • r.richdem.resolveflats - Directs flow from flat areas on depression-filled DEMs
  • r.sim.sediment - Sediment transport and erosion/deposition simulation using path sampling method (SIMWE).
  • r.sim.water - Overland flow hydrologic simulation using path sampling method (SIMWE).
  • r.sim.water.mp - Overland flow hydrologic simulation using path sampling method (SIMWE).
  • r.solute.transport - Numerical calculation program for transient, confined and unconfined solute transport in two dimensions
  • r.stream.basins - Input can be stream network, vector point map with outlets or outlet coordinates.
  • r.stream.channel - Calculates local parameters for individual streams.
  • r.stream.distance - The module can work in stream mode where target are streams and outlets mode where targets are outlets.
  • r.stream.extract - Performs stream network extraction.
  • r.stream.order - Basic module for topological analysis of drainage network.
  • r.stream.segment - Divides network into near straight-line segments and calculate its order.
  • r.stream.slope - Calculates local parameters for slope subsystem.
  • r.stream.snap - Input can be stream network, point vector map with outlets or outlet coordinates.
  • r.stream.stats - Calculates Horton's statistics for Strahler and Horton ordered networks created with r.stream.order.
  • r.stream.variables - Calculation of contiguous stream-specific variables that account for the upstream environment (based on r.stream.watersheds).
  • r.stream.watersheds - Sub-watershed and sub-stream delineation based on the drainage direction and a gridded stream network.
  • r.subdayprecip.design - Computes subday design precipitation totals.
  • r.terraflow - Performs flow computation for massive grids.
  • r.threshold - Find optimal threshold for stream extraction
  • r.topidx - Creates a topographic index (wetness index) raster map from an elevation raster map.
  • r.topmodel - Simulates TOPMODEL which is a physically based hydrologic model.
  • r.traveltime - Computes the travel time of surface runoff to an outlet
  • r.uslek - Computes USLE Soil Erodibility Factor (K).
  • r.usler - Computes USLE R factor, Rainfall erosivity index.
  • r.water.outlet - Creates watershed basins from a drainage direction map.
  • r.wateroutlet.lessmem - Creates watershed basins from a drainage direction map.
  • r.watershed - Calculates hydrological parameters and RUSLE factors.
  • r.width.funct - Calculates the Width Function of a watershed basin.
  • r3.flow - Computes 3D flow lines and 3D flow accumulation.
  • r3.gwflow - Numerical calculation program for transient, confined groundwater flow in three dimensions.
  • v.gsflow.export - Export databse tables and pour point for GSFLOW input and control files
  • v.gsflow.gravres - Set parameters for GSFLOW Hydrologic Response Units (HRUs)
  • v.gsflow.grid - Builds grid for the MODFLOW component of GSFLOW
  • v.gsflow.hruparams - Set parameters for GSFLOW Hydrologic Response Units (HRUs)
  • v.gsflow.mapdata - Upload data to PRMS data
  • v.gsflow.reaches - Build stream "reaches" that link PRMS segments to MODFLOW cells
  • v.gsflow.segments - Prepares stream segments for PRMS and GSFLOW
  • v.stream.inbasin - Subset a stream network into just one of its basins
  • v.stream.order - Compute the stream order of stream networks stored in a vector map at specific outlet vector points

hydropower

image

  • r.out.legend - Create an image file showing the legend of a raster map

image collections

  • i.band.library - Prints available semantic label information used for multispectral data.
  • r.semantic.label - Manages semantic label information assigned to a single raster map or to a list of raster maps.

imagery

  • Interactive scatter plot - wxGUI Interactive Scatter Plot Tool
  • g.gui.iclass - wxGUI Supervised Classification Tool
  • g.gui.image2target - wxGUI GCP Manager
  • g.gui.photo2image - wxGUI GCP Manager for photo to image registration
  • i.albedo - Computes broad band albedo from surface reflectance.
  • i.aster.toar - Calculates Top of Atmosphere Radiance/Reflectance/Brightness Temperature from ASTER DN.
  • i.atcorr - 6S - Second Simulation of Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum.
  • i.band.library - Prints available semantic label information used for multispectral data.
  • i.biomass - Computes biomass growth, precursor of crop yield calculation.
  • i.cca - Canonical components analysis (CCA) program for image processing.
  • i.cluster - The resulting signature file is used as input for i.maxlik, to generate an unsupervised image classification.
  • i.colors.enhance - Performs auto-balancing of colors for RGB images.
  • i.cutlines - Creates semantically meaningful tile borders
  • i.cva - Performs Change Vector Analysis (CVA) in two dimensions.
  • i.destripe - Destripes regularly, about vertical, striped image using Fourier.
  • i.eb.deltat - Computes the difference of temperature between surface skin temperature and air temperature at 2m as part of sensible heat flux calculations.
  • i.eb.eta - Actual evapotranspiration for diurnal period (Bastiaanssen, 1995).
  • i.eb.evapfr - Computes evaporative fraction and root zone soil moisture.
  • i.eb.hsebal01 - Computes sensible heat flux iteration SEBAL 01.
  • i.eb.hsebal95 - Performs sensible heat flux iteration (SEBAL 95).
  • i.eb.netrad - Net radiation approximation (Bastiaanssen, 1995).
  • i.eb.soilheatflux - Soil heat flux approximation (Bastiaanssen, 1995).
  • i.eb.z0m - Computes momentum roughness length (z0m) and surface roughness for heat transport (z0h) after Bastiaanssen (2004).
  • i.eb.z0m0 - Computes momentum roughness length (z0m) and surface roughness for heat transport (z0h) after Bastiaanssen (2004).
  • i.emissivity - Computes emissivity from NDVI, generic method for sparse land.
  • i.eodag - Downloads imagery scenes from various providers through the EODAG API.
  • i.evapo.mh - Computes evapotranspiration calculation modified or original Hargreaves formulation, 2001.
  • i.evapo.pm - Computes potential evapotranspiration calculation with hourly Penman-Monteith.
  • i.evapo.pt - Computes evapotranspiration calculation Priestley and Taylor formulation, 1972.
  • i.evapo.time - Computes temporal integration of satellite ET actual (ETa) following the daily ET reference (ETo) from meteorological station(s).
  • i.evapo.zk - Computes global evapotranspiration calculation after Zhang, Kimball, Nemani and Running formulation, 2010.
  • i.feotio2 - Calculates the FeO or TiO2 contents from the Clementine project Moon data.
  • i.fft - Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) for image processing.
  • i.fusion.hpf - Fusing high resolution panchromatic and low resolution multi-spectral data based on the High-Pass Filter Addition technique (Gangkofner, 2008).
  • i.gabor - Creates Gabor filter bank for a 2-dimensional image
  • i.gcp - Manages Ground Control Points (GCPs) non-interactively.
  • i.gensig - Generates statistics for i.maxlik from raster map.
  • i.gensigset - Generates statistics for i.smap from raster map.
  • i.gravity - Bouguer gravity anomaly computation (full slab).
  • i.group - Creates, edits, and lists groups of imagery data.
  • i.his.rgb - Transforms raster maps from HIS (Hue-Intensity-Saturation) color space to RGB (Red-Green-Blue) color space.
  • i.histo.match - Calculate histogram matching of several images.
  • i.ifft - Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) for image processing.
  • i.image.bathymetry - Estimates Satellite Derived Bathymetry (SDB) from multispectral images.
  • i.image.mosaic - Mosaics several images and extends colormap.
  • i.in.probav - Imports PROBA-V NDVI data in netCDF format into a raster map with real NDVI data range.
  • i.in.spotvgt - Imports SPOT VGT NDVI data into a raster map.
  • i.landsat.acca - Performs Landsat TM/ETM+ Automatic Cloud Cover Assessment (ACCA).
  • i.landsat.import - Imports Landsat satellite data downloaded using i.landsat.download.
  • i.landsat.qa - Reclassifies Landsat QA band according to acceptable pixel quality as defined by the user.
  • i.landsat.toar - Calculates top-of-atmosphere radiance or reflectance and temperature for Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+/OLI
  • i.landsat8.swlst - Practical split-window algorithm estimating Land Surface Temperature from Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS imagery (Du, Chen; Ren, Huazhong; Qin, Qiming; Meng, Jinjie; Zhao, Shaohua. 2015)
  • i.lmf - Performs Temporal Local Maximum Fitting of vegetation indices, works also for surface reflectance data.
  • i.lswt - Computes Lake Surface Water Temperatures (inland water bodies) from TOA Brightness Temperatures.
  • i.maxlik - Classification is based on the spectral signature information generated by either i.cluster, g.gui.iclass, or i.gensig.
  • i.modis.qc - Extracts quality control parameters from MODIS QC layers.
  • i.nightlights.intercalibration - Performs inter-satellite calibration on DMSP-OLS Nighttime Lights Time Series
  • i.oif - Calculates Optimum-Index-Factor table for spectral bands
  • i.ortho.camera - Select and modify the imagery group camera reference file.
  • i.ortho.corr - Corrects orthophoto taking part of the adjacent orthophotos using a camera angle map.
  • i.ortho.elev - Select or modify the target elevation model.
  • i.ortho.init - Interactively creates or modifies entries in a camera initial exposure station file for imagery group referenced by a sub-block.
  • i.ortho.photo - Menu driver for the photo imagery programs.
  • i.ortho.rectify - Orthorectifies an image by using the image to photo coordinate transformation matrix.
  • i.ortho.target - Select or modify the imagery group target.
  • i.ortho.transform - Computes a coordinate transformation based on the control points.
  • i.pansharpen - Image fusion algorithms to sharpen multispectral with high-res panchromatic channels
  • i.pca - Principal components analysis (PCA) for image processing.
  • i.points.auto - Generate ground control points for image group to be rectified.
  • i.pysptools.unmix - Extract endmembers from imagery group and perform spectral unmixing using pysptools
  • i.rectify - Rectifies an image by computing a coordinate transformation for each pixel in the image based on the control points.
  • i.rgb.his - Transforms raster maps from RGB (Red-Green-Blue) color space to HIS (Hue-Intensity-Saturation) color space.
  • i.rotate - Rotates the image around the centre of the computational window
  • i.sam2 - Integrates SAMGeo model with text prompt for segmentation in GRASS GIS.
  • i.sar.speckle - Remove speckle from SAR image
  • i.segment - Identifies segments (objects) from imagery data.
  • i.segment.gsoc - Outputs a single segmented map (raster) based on input values in an image group.
  • i.segment.hierarchical - Hierarchical segmentation
  • i.segment.stats - Calculates statistics describing raster areas.
  • i.segment.uspo - Unsupervised segmentation parameter optimization
  • i.sentinel.coverage - Checks the area coverage of Sentinel-1 or Sentinel-2 scenes selected by filters.
  • i.sentinel.download - Downloads Sentinel satellite data from Copernicus Open Access Hub, USGS Earth Explorer, or Google Cloud Storage.
  • i.sentinel.import - Imports Sentinel satellite data downloaded from Copernicus Open Access Hub using i.sentinel.download.
  • i.sentinel.mask - Creates clouds and shadows masks for Sentinel-2 images.
  • i.sentinel.parallel.download - Downloads Sentinel-2 images in parallel using i.sentinel.download.
  • i.sentinel.preproc - Imports and performs atmospheric correction of Sentinel-2 images.
  • i.signature.copy - Copies signature file from a group/subgroup to another group/subgroup.
  • i.signature.list - Lists signature file of a group/subgroup.
  • i.signature.remove - Removes signature file in a group/subgroup.
  • i.signatures - Manage imagery classification signature files
  • i.smap - Performs contextual image classification using sequential maximum a posteriori (SMAP) estimation.
  • i.spec.sam - Performs Spectral angle mapping on satellite/aerial images
  • i.spec.unmix - Performs Spectral mixture analysis of satellite/aerial images
  • i.spectral - Displays spectral response at user specified locations in group or images.
  • i.superpixels.slic - Perform image segmentation using the SLIC segmentation method.
  • i.svm.predict - Predict with a Support Vector Machine
  • i.svm.train - Train a Support Vector Machine
  • i.target - Targets an imagery group to a GRASS location and mapset.
  • i.tasscap - Performs Tasseled Cap (Kauth Thomas) transformation.
  • i.theilsen - Computes Theil-Sen estimator from spectrum.
  • i.topo.corr - Computes topographic correction of reflectance.
  • i.variance - Analyses variation of variance with variation of resolution
  • i.vi - Uses red and nir bands mostly, and some indices require additional bands.
  • i.water - Water detection from satellite data derived indices, 1 if found, 0 if not
  • i.wavelet - Decompostion/Recomposition in temporal dimension using wavelets
  • i.wi - Calculates different types of water indices.
  • i.zc - Zero-crossing "edge detection" raster function for image processing.
  • i.zero2null - Replaces zero values with null at edges, otherwise replaces zero values with appropriate neighboring values.
  • r.colors.contrastbrightness - Change the contrast/brightness of a raster.
  • r.flip - Flips an image.
  • r.fusion - image fusion, generalized pan-sharpening
  • r.houghtransform - Performs Hough transformation and extracts line segments from image. Region shall be set to input map. Can work only on small images since map is loaded into memory.
  • r.in.aster - Georeference, rectify, and import Terra-ASTER imagery and relative DEMs using gdalwarp.
  • r.semantic.label - Manages semantic label information assigned to a single raster map or to a list of raster maps.
  • r.smooth.seg - Generates a piece-wise smooth approximation of the input raster and a discontinuity map.
  • r3.to.group - Convert a 3D raster map to imagery group
  • wxGUI Supervised Classification Tool - wxGUI Supervised Classification Tool

imagery quality assessment

  • i.modis.qc - Extracts quality control parameters from MODIS QC layers.

impact

  • r.crater - Creates meteorites from craters (-c) or craters from meteorites (default).

import

  • db.in.ogr - Imports attribute tables in various formats.
  • g.download.location - Get GRASS project from an URL or file path
  • g.download.location - Get GRASS Location from an URL or file path
  • g.download.project - Get GRASS project from an URL or file path
  • i.in.probav - Imports PROBA-V NDVI data in netCDF format into a raster map with real NDVI data range.
  • i.in.spotvgt - Imports SPOT VGT NDVI data into a raster map.
  • i.landsat.import - Imports Landsat satellite data downloaded using i.landsat.download.
  • i.modis.download - Download single or multiple tiles of MODIS products using pyModis.
  • i.modis.import - Import single or multiple tiles of MODIS products using pyModis.
  • i.sentinel.import - Imports Sentinel satellite data downloaded from Copernicus Open Access Hub using i.sentinel.download.
  • i.sentinel.preproc - Imports and performs atmospheric correction of Sentinel-2 images.
  • m.crawl.thredds - List dataset urls from a Thredds Data Server (TDS) catalog.
  • r.external - Links GDAL supported raster data as a pseudo GRASS raster map.
  • r.import - Imports raster data into a GRASS raster map using GDAL library and reprojects on the fly.
  • r.in.ahn - Imports the 0.5 meter resolution dtm or dsm from the AHN (Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland (AHN), version 4.
  • r.in.ascii - Converts a GRASS ASCII raster file to binary raster map.
  • r.in.aster - Georeference, rectify, and import Terra-ASTER imagery and relative DEMs using gdalwarp.
  • r.in.bin - Import a binary raster file into a GRASS raster map layer.
  • r.in.gdal - Imports raster data into a GRASS raster map using GDAL library.
  • r.in.gridatb - Imports GRIDATB.FOR map file (TOPMODEL) into a GRASS raster map.
  • r.in.mat - Imports a binary MAT-File(v4) to a GRASS raster.
  • r.in.nasadem - Creates a DEM from 1 arcsec NASADEM tiles.
  • r.in.ogc.coverages - Downloads and imports data from OGC API Coverages server.
  • r.in.pdal - Creates a raster map from LAS LiDAR points using univariate statistics.
  • r.in.pdal - Creates a raster map from LAS LiDAR points using univariate statistics and r.in.xyz.
  • r.in.png - Imports non-georeferenced PNG format image.
  • r.in.poly - Creates raster maps from ASCII polygon/line/point data files.
  • r.in.srtm - Imports SRTM HGT files into raster map.
  • r.in.srtm.region - Creates a DEM from 3 arcsec SRTM v2.1 or 1 arcsec SRTM v3 tiles.
  • r.in.usgs - Download user-requested products through the USGS TNM API
  • r.in.wcs - Downloads and imports coverage from WCS server.
  • r.in.wms - Downloads and imports data from OGC WMS and OGC WMTS web mapping servers.
  • r.in.xyz - Creates a raster map from an assemblage of many coordinates using univariate statistics.
  • r.proj - Re-projects a raster map from given project to the current project.
  • r.unpack - Imports a GRASS GIS specific raster archive file (packed with r.pack) as a raster map
  • r3.in.ascii - Converts a 3D ASCII raster text file into a (binary) 3D raster map.
  • r3.in.bin - Imports a binary raster file into a GRASS 3D raster map.
  • r3.in.v5d - Import 3-dimensional Vis5D files.
  • r3.in.xyz - Create a 3D raster map from an assemblage of many coordinates using univariate statistics
  • t.rast.import - Imports space time raster dataset.
  • t.rast.import.netcdf - Import netCDF files that adhere to the CF convention as STRDS.
  • t.stac.item - Downloads and imports data from a STAC API server.
  • t.vect.import - Imports a space time vector dataset from a GRASS GIS specific archive file.
  • v.convert - Imports older versions of GRASS vector maps.
  • v.convert.all - Converts all older versions of GRASS vector maps in current mapset to current format.
  • v.external - Creates a new pseudo-vector map as a link to an OGR-supported layer or a PostGIS feature table.
  • v.gsflow.mapdata - Upload data to PRMS data
  • v.import - Imports vector data into a GRASS vector map using OGR library and reprojects on the fly.
  • v.in.ascii - Creates a vector map from an ASCII points file or ASCII vector file.
  • v.in.csv - (null)
  • v.in.db - Creates new vector (points) map from database table containing coordinates.
  • v.in.dxf - Converts file in DXF format to GRASS vector map.
  • v.in.e00 - Imports E00 file into a vector map.
  • v.in.geonames - Imports geonames.org country files into a vector points map.
  • v.in.gns - Imports US-NGA GEOnet Names Server (GNS) country files into a GRASS vector points map.
  • v.in.gps - Import waypoints, routes, and tracks from a GPS receiver or GPS download file into a vector map.
  • v.in.lines - Imports ASCII x,y[,z] coordinates as a series of lines.
  • v.in.mapgen - Imports Mapgen or Matlab-ASCII vector maps into GRASS.
  • v.in.ogc.features - Downloads and imports data from OGC API Features server.
  • v.in.ogr - Imports vector data into a GRASS vector map using OGR library.
  • v.in.osm - Imports OpenStreetMap data into GRASS GIS.
  • v.in.pdal - Converts LAS LiDAR point clouds to a GRASS vector map with PDAL.
  • v.in.ply - Creates a vector map from a PLY file.
  • v.in.survey - Creates multiple vector layers from just one textfile
  • v.in.wfs - Imports GetFeature from a WFS server.
  • v.in.wfs2 - Downloads and imports data from WFS server.
  • v.ply.rectify - Imports PLY points, georeferences and exports them.
  • v.proj - Re-projects a vector map from one project to the current project.
  • v.unpack - Imports a GRASS GIS specific vector archive file (packed with v.pack) as a vector map

index

  • i.wi - Calculates different types of water indices.

installation

  • g.extension - Downloads and installs extensions from GRASS Addons repository or other source into the local GRASS installation or removes installed extensions.
  • g.extension.all - By default only extensions built against different GIS Library are rebuilt.

inter-satellite

interpolation

  • r.fill.stats - Rapidly fills 'no data' cells (NULLs) of a raster map with interpolated values (IDW).
  • r.fillnulls - Fills no-data areas in raster maps using spline interpolation.
  • r.resamp.bspline - Performs bilinear or bicubic spline interpolation with Tykhonov regularization.
  • r.resamp.interp - Resamples raster map to a finer grid using interpolation.
  • r.resamp.tps - Performs thin plate spline interpolation with regularization and covariables.
  • r.series.interp - Interpolates raster maps located (temporal or spatial) in between input raster maps at specific sampling positions.
  • r.surf.contour - Generates surface raster map from rasterized contours.
  • r.surf.idw - Provides surface interpolation from raster point data by Inverse Distance Squared Weighting.
  • r.surf.idw2 - Provides surface interpolation from raster point data by Inverse Distance Squared Weighting.
  • r.surf.nnbathy - Interpolates a raster map using the nnbathy natural neighbor interpolation program.
  • t.rast.gapfill - Replaces gaps in a space time raster dataset with interpolated raster maps.
  • v.area.weigh - Rasterize vector areas using weights
  • v.krige - Performs ordinary or block kriging for vector maps.
  • v.surf.bspline - Performs bicubic or bilinear spline interpolation with Tykhonov regularization.
  • v.surf.icw - IDW interpolation, but distance is cost to get to any other site.
  • v.surf.idw - Provides surface interpolation from vector point data by Inverse Distance Squared Weighting.
  • v.surf.mass - Performs mass-preserving area interpolation.
  • v.surf.nnbathy - Interpolates a raster map using the nnbathy natural neighbor interpolation program.
  • v.surf.rst - Spatial approximation and topographic analysis from given point or isoline data in vector format to floating point raster format using regularized spline with tension.
  • v.surf.rst.cv - Performs cross-validation proceedure to optimize the parameterization of v.surf.rst tension and smoothing paramters.
  • v.surf.tps - Performs thin plate spline interpolation with regularization and covariables.
  • v.vol.idw - Interpolates point data to a 3D raster map using Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) algorithm.
  • v.vol.rst - Interpolates point data to a 3D raster map using regularized spline with tension (RST) algorithm.

intersection

  • v.overlay - Overlays two vector maps offering clip, intersection, difference, symmetrical difference, union operators.

inundation

  • r.hand - Performs Height Above Nearest Drainage (HAND) analysis and flood inundation mapping with HAND method.

iso

  • r.info.iso - Creates metadata based on ISO standard for specified raster map.
  • v.info.iso - Creates metadata based on ISO standard for specified vector map.

isochrones

  • v.isochrones - Creates isochrones from a road map and starting points

isolines

  • v.net.iso - Splits net to bands between cost isolines (direction from center). Center node must be opened (costs >= 0). Costs of center node are used in calculation.

json

  • db.describe - Describes a table in detail.
  • r.hand - Performs Height Above Nearest Drainage (HAND) analysis and flood inundation mapping with HAND method.
  • v.surf.rst.cv - Performs cross-validation proceedure to optimize the parameterization of v.surf.rst tension and smoothing paramters.

kernel density

  • r.out.kde - Exports raster with variable transparency into an image file
  • v.kernel - Density is computed using a moving kernel. Optionally generates a vector density map on a vector network.

kernel filter

kriging

  • v.krige - Performs ordinary or block kriging for vector maps.

lanczos

land flux

  • i.emissivity - Computes emissivity from NDVI, generic method for sparse land.

land surface temperature

  • i.landsat8.swlst - Practical split-window algorithm estimating Land Surface Temperature from Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS imagery (Du, Chen; Ren, Huazhong; Qin, Qiming; Meng, Jinjie; Zhao, Shaohua. 2015)
  • i.modis.qc - Extracts quality control parameters from MODIS QC layers.

landform

  • r.param.scale - Uses a multi-scale approach by taking fitting quadratic parameters to any size window (via least squares).

landsat

  • i.eodag - Downloads imagery scenes from various providers through the EODAG API.
  • i.landsat.qa - Reclassifies Landsat QA band according to acceptable pixel quality as defined by the user.

landsat8

  • i.landsat8.swlst - Practical split-window algorithm estimating Land Surface Temperature from Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS imagery (Du, Chen; Ren, Huazhong; Qin, Qiming; Meng, Jinjie; Zhao, Shaohua. 2015)

landscape

  • r.futures.parallelpga - Module uses Patch-Growing Algorithm (PGA) to simulate urban-rural landscape structure development.
  • r.futures.pga - Module uses Patch-Growing Algorithm (PGA) to simulate urban-rural landscape structure development.
  • r.futures.simulation - Simulates landuse change using FUTure Urban-Regional Environment Simulation (FUTURES).
  • r.sim.terrain - Dynamic landscape evolution model

landscape evolution

  • r.landscape.evol - Simulates the cumulative effect of erosion and deposition on a landscape over time.

landscape structure

landscape structure analysis

  • Toolset for multiscale analysis of landscape patch structure - Toolset for multiscale analysis of landscape patch structure
  • g.gui.rlisetup - wxGUI RLi Setup
  • r.forestfrag - Computes the forest fragmentation index (Riitters et al. 2000)
  • r.li.cwed - Calculates contrast weighted edge density index on a raster map
  • r.li.dominance - Calculates dominance's diversity index on a raster map
  • r.li.edgedensity - Calculates edge density index on a raster map, using a 4 neighbour algorithm
  • r.li.mpa - Calculates mean pixel attribute index on a raster map
  • r.li.mps - Calculates mean patch size index on a raster map, using a 4 neighbour algorithm
  • r.li.padcv - Calculates coefficient of variation of patch area on a raster map
  • r.li.padrange - Calculates range of patch area size on a raster map
  • r.li.padsd - Calculates standard deviation of patch area a raster map
  • r.li.patchdensity - Calculates patch density index on a raster map, using a 4 neighbour algorithm
  • r.li.patchnum - Calculates patch number index on a raster map, using a 4 neighbour algorithm.
  • r.li.pielou - Calculates Pielou's diversity index on a raster map
  • r.li.renyi - Calculates Renyi's diversity index on a raster map
  • r.li.richness - Calculates richness index on a raster map
  • r.li.shannon - Calculates Shannon's diversity index on a raster map
  • r.li.shape - Calculates shape index on a raster map
  • r.li.simpson - Calculates Simpson's diversity index on a raster map
  • r.pi.corr.mw - Moving window correlation analysis.
  • r.pi.csr.mw - Complete Spatial Randomness analysis on moving window.
  • r.pi.energy - Individual-based dispersal model for connectivity analysis - energy based.
  • r.pi.energy.pr - Individual-based dispersal model for connectivity analysis (energy based) using iterative patch removal.
  • r.pi.enn - Analysis of n-th Euclidean Nearest Neighbor distance.
  • r.pi.enn.pr - Patch relevance for Euclidean Nearest Neighbor patches.
  • r.pi.export - Export of patch based information.
  • r.pi.fnn - Determines patches of given value and performs a nearest-neighbor analysis.
  • r.pi.graph - Graph Theory for connectivity analysis.
  • r.pi.graph.dec - Graph Theory - successive criteria-based deletion of patches.
  • r.pi.graph.pr - Graph Theory - iterative removal (patch relevance analysis).
  • r.pi.graph.red - Graph Theory - decreasing distance threshold option.
  • r.pi.grow - Size and suitability based region growing.
  • r.pi.import - Import and generation of patch raster data
  • r.pi.index - Basic patch based indices
  • r.pi.lm - Linear regression analysis for patches.
  • r.pi.neigh - Neighbourhood analysis - value of patches within a defined range.
  • r.pi.nlm - Creates a random generated map with values 0 or 1by given landcover and fragment count.
  • r.pi.nlm.circ - Creates a random landscape with defined attributes.
  • r.pi.nlm.stats - Neutral Landscape Generator - index statistics
  • r.pi.odc - Omnidirectional connectivity analysis
  • r.pi.prob.mw - Probability analysis of 2 random points being in the same patch.
  • r.pi.prox - Calculates correlation of two raster maps by calculating correlation function of two corresponding rectangular areas for each raster point and writing the result into a new raster map.
  • r.pi.rectangle - Generates a rectangle based on a corner coordinate.
  • r.pi.searchtime - Individual-based dispersal model for connectivity analysis (time-based)
  • r.pi.searchtime.mw - Individual-based dispersal model for connectivity analysis (time-based) using moving window
  • r.pi.searchtime.pr - Individual-based dispersal model for connectivity analysis (time-based) using iterative removal of patches
  • r3.forestfrag - Computes the forest fragmentation index (Riitters et al. 2000)

landslide

  • r.massmov - Estimates run-out and deposition of landslide phenomena over a complex topography.
  • r.shalstab - A model for shallow landslide susceptibility.

latitude

layer

  • v.category - Attaches, deletes or reports vector categories to/from/of map geometry.
  • v.db.connect - Prints/sets DB connection for a vector map to attribute table.

layout

  • m.printws - Opens a workspace file and creates a map sheet according to its visible contents.

least cost path

least cost paths

legend

  • d.legend - Displays a legend for a 2D or 3D raster map in the active frame of the graphics monitor.
  • d.legend.vect - Displays a vector legend in the active graphics frame.
  • d.rast.leg - Displays a raster map and its legend on a graphics window
  • d.vect.thematic - Displays a thematic vector map in the active graphics frame.
  • d.vect.thematic2 - Displays thematic map created from vector features and numeric attributes.

length

  • v.to.db - Populates attribute values from vector features.

level1

  • d.vect - Displays user-specified vector map in the active graphics frame.
  • g.region - Manages the boundary definitions for the geographic region.
  • r.random - Creates a raster map and vector point map containing randomly located cells and points.
  • v.cluster - Performs cluster identification.
  • v.decimate - Copies points from one vector to another while applying different decimations
  • v.edit - Edits a vector map, allows adding, deleting and modifying selected vector features.
  • v.external - Creates a new pseudo-vector map as a link to an OGR-supported layer or a PostGIS feature table.
  • v.in.ascii - Creates a vector map from an ASCII points file or ASCII vector file.
  • v.in.dxf - Converts file in DXF format to GRASS vector map.
  • v.info - Outputs basic information about a vector map.
  • v.patch - Creates a new vector map by combining other vector maps.
  • v.perturb - Random location perturbations of vector points.
  • v.random - Generates random 2D/3D vector points.
  • v.rectify - Rectifies a vector by computing a coordinate transformation for each object in the vector based on the control points.

license

  • g.version - Optionally also prints build or copyright information.

lidar

  • r.hydro.flatten - Derive elevation of water bodies for hydro-flattening
  • v.lidar.mcc - Reclassifies points of a LiDAR point cloud as ground / non-ground using a multiscale curvature based classification algorithm.
  • v.profile.points - Creates a profile (transect) from points

line

  • v.buffer - Creates a buffer around vector features of given type.
  • v.build.polylines - Builds polylines from lines or boundaries.
  • v.dissolve - Dissolves adjacent or overlapping features sharing a common category number or attribute.
  • v.edit - Edits a vector map, allows adding, deleting and modifying selected vector features.
  • v.in.ascii - Creates a vector map from an ASCII points file or ASCII vector file.
  • v.in.lines - Imports ASCII x,y[,z] coordinates as a series of lines.
  • v.parallel - Creates parallel line to input vector lines.
  • v.to.lines - Converts vector polygons or points to lines.
  • v.to.points - Creates points along input lines in new vector map with 2 layers.
  • v.type - Changes type of vector features.

line of sight

  • r.viewshed.cva - Undertakes a "cumulative viewshed analysis" using a vector points map as input "viewing" locations, using r.viewshed to calculate the individual viewsheds.
  • r.viewshed.exposure - Computes visual exposure to defined exposure source using weighted parametrised cumulative viewshed analysis.

line plot

  • t.rast.line - Draws line plots of the raster maps in a space-time raster dataset

linear reference system

  • v.lrs.create - Creates a linear reference system.
  • v.lrs.label - Creates stationing from input lines, and linear reference system.
  • v.lrs.segment - Creates points/segments from input lines, linear reference system and positions read from stdin or a file.
  • v.lrs.where - Finds line id and real km+offset for given points in vector map using linear reference system.

linear regression analysis

  • r.pi.lm - Linear regression analysis for patches.

lines

lines central

list

  • g.compare.md5 - Checks if two GRASS GIS maps are identical.
  • g.list - Lists available GRASS data base files of the user-specified data type optionally using the search pattern.
  • i.signature.list - Lists signature file of a group/subgroup.
  • t.list - Lists space time datasets and maps registered in the temporal database.
  • t.rast.list - Lists registered maps of a space time raster dataset.
  • t.rast3d.list - Lists registered maps of a space time raster3d dataset.
  • t.vect.list - Lists registered maps of a space time vector dataset.

longest flow path

  • r.accumulate - Calculates weighted flow accumulation, subwatersheds, stream networks, and longest flow paths using a flow direction map.

longitude

lst

  • i.landsat8.swlst - Practical split-window algorithm estimating Land Surface Temperature from Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS imagery (Du, Chen; Ren, Huazhong; Qin, Qiming; Meng, Jinjie; Zhao, Shaohua. 2015)

machine learning

  • r.learn.ml - Supervised classification and regression of GRASS rasters using the python scikit-learn package
  • r.learn.predict - Apply a fitted scikit-learn estimator to rasters in a GRASS GIS imagery group.
  • r.learn.train - Supervised classification and regression of GRASS rasters using the python scikit-learn package.
  • v.class.mlR - Provides supervised support vector machine classification
  • v.class.mlpy - Vector supervised classification tool which uses attributes as classification parametres (order of columns matters, names not), cat column identifies feature, class_column is excluded from classification parametres.

machine vision geomorphometry

  • r.geomorphon - Calculates geomorphons (terrain forms) and associated geometry using machine vision approach.

manual

  • d.explanation.plot - Draw a plot of multiple rasters to explain a raster operation for example a + b = c
  • g.manual - Displays the manual pages of GRASS modules.

map

  • m.printws - Opens a workspace file and creates a map sheet according to its visible contents.

map annotations

  • d.northarrow - Displays a north arrow on the graphics monitor.
  • d.rast.arrow - Draws arrows representing cell aspect direction for a raster map containing aspect data.
  • d.rast.num - Overlays cell category values on a raster map displayed in the active graphics frame.

map management

  • g.access - If no option given, prints current status.
  • g.compare.md5 - Checks if two GRASS GIS maps are identical.
  • g.copy - Copies available data files in the current mapset search path to the user's current mapset.
  • g.dirseps - Converts any directory separator characters in the input string to or from native host format, and writes the changed path to standard output. Useful in scripts for Windows compatibility.
  • g.filename - Prints GRASS data base file names.
  • g.findetc - Searches for GRASS support files.
  • g.findfile - Searches for GRASS data base files and sets variables for the shell.
  • g.gui.datacatalog - wxGUI Data Catalog
  • g.list - Lists available GRASS data base files of the user-specified data type optionally using the search pattern.
  • g.remove - Removes data base element files from the user's current mapset using the search pattern.
  • g.rename - Renames data base element files in the user's current mapset.
  • g.rename.many - Renames multiple maps in the current mapset.
  • i.group - Creates, edits, and lists groups of imagery data.
  • i.signature.copy - Copies signature file from a group/subgroup to another group/subgroup.
  • i.signature.list - Lists signature file of a group/subgroup.
  • i.signature.remove - Removes signature file in a group/subgroup.
  • i.target - Targets an imagery group to a GRASS location and mapset.
  • r.compress - Compresses and decompresses raster maps.
  • r.null - Manages NULL-values of given raster map.
  • r.null.all - Manages NULL values of raster maps in a mapset or their subset.
  • r3.null - Explicitly create the 3D NULL-value bitmap file.
  • r3.to.group - Convert a 3D raster map to imagery group
  • t.create - Creates a space time dataset.
  • t.list - Lists space time datasets and maps registered in the temporal database.
  • t.rast.list - Lists registered maps of a space time raster dataset.
  • t.rast3d.list - Lists registered maps of a space time raster3d dataset.
  • t.register - Assigns timestamps and registers raster, vector and raster3d maps in a space time dataset.
  • t.remove - Removes space time datasets from temporal database.
  • t.rename - Renames a space time dataset
  • t.unregister - Unregisters raster, vector and raster3d maps from the temporal database or a specific space time dataset.
  • t.vect.list - Lists registered maps of a space time vector dataset.

mask

  • i.landsat.qa - Reclassifies Landsat QA band according to acceptable pixel quality as defined by the user.
  • r.mask - Creates a raster mask for limiting raster operation.
  • r.mask.status - Provides information about the presence of a 2D raster mask as text output or return code
  • r3.mask - Establishes the current working 3D raster mask.

matplotlib

maxent

measurement

  • m.measure - Measures the lengths and areas of features.

merge

  • r.patch - Creates a composite raster map layer by using known category values from one (or more) map layer(s) to fill in areas of "no data" in another map layer.
  • t.merge - Merges several space time datasets into a single space time dataset.
  • t.rast.patch - Patches multiple space time raster maps into a single raster map using r.patch.

metadata

  • db.csw.admin - CSW database manager
  • db.csw.harvest - CSW database manager
  • db.csw.run - CSW wsgi handler
  • g.citation - Provide scientific citation for GRASS modules and add-ons.
  • m.crawl.thredds - List dataset urls from a Thredds Data Server (TDS) catalog.
  • m.csw.update - Update catalogue service for the web connections resources candidates.
  • r.describe - Prints terse list of category values found in a raster map layer.
  • r.info - Outputs basic information about a raster map.
  • r.info.iso - Creates metadata based on ISO standard for specified raster map.
  • r.region - Sets the boundary definitions for a raster map.
  • r.support - Allows creation and/or modification of raster map layer support files.
  • r.timestamp - Print/add/remove a timestamp for a raster map.
  • r3.info - Outputs basic information about a user-specified 3D raster map layer.
  • r3.support - Allows creation and/or modification of 3D raster map layer support files.
  • r3.timestamp - Print/add/remove a timestamp for a 3D raster map.
  • t.connect - Prints/sets general temporal GIS database connection for current mapset.
  • t.info - Lists information about space time datasets and maps.
  • t.info.iso - Lists information about space time datasets and maps.
  • t.select - Select maps from space time datasets by topological relationships to other space time datasets using temporal algebra.
  • t.stac.catalog - Get STAC API Catalog metadata
  • t.stac.collection - Get STAC API collection metadata
  • t.support - Modifies the metadata of a space time dataset.
  • t.upgrade - Upgrades the version of the temporal database.
  • v.info - Outputs basic information about a vector map.
  • v.info.iso - Creates metadata based on ISO standard for specified vector map.
  • v.support - Updates vector map metadata.
  • v.timestamp - Print/add/remove a timestamp for a vector map.

meteorite

  • r.crater - Creates meteorites from craters (-c) or craters from meteorites (default).

microwave

misc

  • m.printws - Opens a workspace file and creates a map sheet according to its visible contents.

miscellaneous

  • m.cogo - It assumes a cartesian coordinate system
  • m.csv.clean - Creates CSV files which are ready to used in GRASS GIS
  • m.gcp.filter - Filter Ground Control Points (GCPs).
  • m.measure - Measures the lengths and areas of features.
  • m.nviz.image - Renders surfaces (raster data), 2D/3D vector data, and volumes (3D raster data) in 3D.
  • m.nviz.script - Creates fly-through script to run in NVIZ.
  • m.proj - Converts coordinates from one projection to another (cs2cs frontend).
  • m.transform - Computes a coordinate transformation based on the control points.

model

  • r.damflood - Estimate the area potentially inundated in case of dam break
  • r.massmov - Estimates run-out and deposition of landslide phenomena over a complex topography.
  • r.pops.spread - A dynamic species distribution model for pest or pathogen spread in forest or agricultural ecosystems (PoPS)
  • r.ros - Generates three, or four raster map layers showing the base (perpendicular) rate of spread (ROS), the maximum (forward) ROS, the direction of the maximum ROS, and optionally the maximum potential spotting distance for fire spread simulation.
  • r.sim.sediment - Sediment transport and erosion/deposition simulation using path sampling method (SIMWE).
  • r.sim.water - Overland flow hydrologic simulation using path sampling method (SIMWE).
  • r.sim.water.mp - Overland flow hydrologic simulation using path sampling method (SIMWE).
  • r.spread - Generates a raster map of the cumulative time of spread, given raster maps containing the rates of spread (ROS), the ROS directions and the spread origins. It optionally produces raster maps to contain backlink UTM coordinates for tracing spread paths. Usable for fire spread simulations.
  • r.topmodel - Simulates TOPMODEL which is a physically based hydrologic model.

modeling

  • r.futures.parallelpga - Module uses Patch-Growing Algorithm (PGA) to simulate urban-rural landscape structure development.
  • r.futures.pga - Module uses Patch-Growing Algorithm (PGA) to simulate urban-rural landscape structure development.
  • r.futures.simulation - Simulates landuse change using FUTure Urban-Regional Environment Simulation (FUTURES).
  • r.maxent.predict - Use a Maxent model to create a suitability distribution layer
  • r.maxent.setup - Helper module to install Maxent to the addon directory
  • r.maxent.train - Create and train a Maxent model

modelling

  • r.exdet - Quantification of novel uni- and multi-variate environments
  • r.landscape.evol.old - Simulates the cumulative effect of erosion and deposition on a landscape over time.
  • r.meb - Compute the multivariate environmental bias (MEB)
  • r.mess - Computes multivariate environmental similarity surface (MES)

modis

  • i.eodag - Downloads imagery scenes from various providers through the EODAG API.

modules

monitors

  • d.erase - Erases the contents of the active graphics display frame with user defined color.
  • d.frame - Manages display frames on the user's graphics monitor.
  • d.frame - Manages display frames on the user's graphics monitor.
  • d.info - Display monitors are maintained by d.mon.
  • d.mon - Controls graphics display monitors from the command line.
  • d.redraw - Redraws the content of currently selected monitor.

mosaic

  • r.buildvrt - Build a VRT (Virtual Raster) from the list of input raster maps.

mosaicking

  • i.image.mosaic - Mosaics several images and extends colormap.
  • r.patch - Creates a composite raster map layer by using known category values from one (or more) map layer(s) to fill in areas of "no data" in another map layer.

multiple

  • v.in.survey - Creates multiple vector layers from just one textfile
  • v.to.rast.multi - Create raster maps for multiple numeric attribute columns of a vector map

multispectral

  • i.oif - Calculates Optimum-Index-Factor table for spectral bands
  • i.spectral - Displays spectral response at user specified locations in group or images.

multivariate

  • r.exdet - Quantification of novel uni- and multi-variate environments

natural

  • r.surf.nnbathy - Interpolates a raster map using the nnbathy natural neighbor interpolation program.
  • v.surf.nnbathy - Interpolates a raster map using the nnbathy natural neighbor interpolation program.

nearest neighbor

nearest neighbour analysis

  • v.nnstat - Indicates clusters, separations or random distribution of point set in 2D or 3D space.

neighbor

  • r.neighbors - Makes each cell category value a function of the category values assigned to the cells around it, and stores new cell values in an output raster map layer.
  • r.surf.nnbathy - Interpolates a raster map using the nnbathy natural neighbor interpolation program.
  • r3.neighbors - Makes each voxel value a function of the values assigned to the voxels around it, and stores new voxel values in an output 3D raster map
  • v.surf.nnbathy - Interpolates a raster map using the nnbathy natural neighbor interpolation program.

neighborhood

neighborhood matrix

neighbourhood analysis

  • r.pi.neigh - Neighbourhood analysis - value of patches within a defined range.

net radiation

  • i.eb.netrad - Net radiation approximation (Bastiaanssen, 1995).

netCDF

netcdf

network

  • Network analysis - wxGUI Vector Network Analysis Tool
  • d.path - Finds shortest path for selected starting and ending node.
  • r.connectivity.network - Compute connectivity measures for a set of habitat patches based on graph-theory
  • v.isochrones - Creates isochrones from a road map and starting points
  • v.lrs.create - Creates a linear reference system.
  • v.lrs.label - Creates stationing from input lines, and linear reference system.
  • v.lrs.segment - Creates points/segments from input lines, linear reference system and positions read from stdin or a file.
  • v.lrs.where - Finds line id and real km+offset for given points in vector map using linear reference system.
  • v.net - Performs network maintenance.
  • v.net.alloc - Center node must be opened (costs >= 0). Costs of center node are used in calculation.
  • v.net.allpairs - Computes the shortest path between all pairs of nodes in the network.
  • v.net.bridge - Computes bridges and articulation points in the network.
  • v.net.centrality - Computes degree, centrality, betweeness, closeness and eigenvector centrality measures in the network.
  • v.net.components - Computes strongly and weakly connected components in the network.
  • v.net.connectivity - Computes vertex connectivity between two sets of nodes in the network.
  • v.net.curvedarcs - Draws curved arcs between points (e.g. flows)
  • v.net.distance - Finds the shortest paths from each 'from' point to the nearest 'to' feature and various information about this relation are uploaded to the attribute table.
  • v.net.flow - Computes the maximum flow between two sets of nodes in the network.
  • v.net.iso - Splits net to bands between cost isolines (direction from center). Center node must be opened (costs >= 0). Costs of center node are used in calculation.
  • v.net.path - Finds shortest path on vector network.
  • v.net.salesman - Note that TSP is NP-hard, heuristic algorithm is used by this module and created cycle may be sub optimal
  • v.net.salesman.opt - Note that TSP is NP-hard, heuristic algorithm is used by this module and created cycle may be suboptimal
  • v.net.spanningtree - Computes minimum spanning tree for the network.
  • v.net.steiner - Note that 'Minimum Steiner Tree' problem is NP-hard and heuristic algorithm is used in this module so the result may be sub optimal.
  • v.net.timetable - Finds shortest path using timetables.
  • v.net.visibility - Performs visibility graph construction.

network analysis

network generalization

network maintenance

  • v.net - Performs network maintenance.

neutral landscapes

niche

niche modelling

nighttime lights

no-data

  • r.mask - Creates a raster mask for limiting raster operation.
  • r.null - Manages NULL-values of given raster map.
  • r.null.all - Manages NULL values of raster maps in a mapset or their subset.
  • r3.mask - Establishes the current working 3D raster mask.
  • r3.null - Explicitly create the 3D NULL-value bitmap file.

no-data filling

  • r.fill.stats - Rapidly fills 'no data' cells (NULLs) of a raster map with interpolated values (IDW).
  • r.fillnulls - Fills no-data areas in raster maps using spline interpolation.
  • r.resamp.bspline - Performs bilinear or bicubic spline interpolation with Tykhonov regularization.
  • t.rast.gapfill - Replaces gaps in a space time raster dataset with interpolated raster maps.
  • v.surf.rst - Spatial approximation and topographic analysis from given point or isoline data in vector format to floating point raster format using regularized spline with tension.
  • v.vol.rst - Interpolates point data to a 3D raster map using regularized spline with tension (RST) algorithm.

node

  • v.build.polylines - Builds polylines from lines or boundaries.
  • v.edit - Edits a vector map, allows adding, deleting and modifying selected vector features.
  • v.segment - Creates points/segments from input vector lines and positions.
  • v.split - Splits vector lines to shorter segments.
  • v.to.points - Creates points along input lines in new vector map with 2 layers.

null data

  • r.mask - Creates a raster mask for limiting raster operation.
  • r.null - Manages NULL-values of given raster map.
  • r.null.all - Manages NULL values of raster maps in a mapset or their subset.
  • r3.mask - Establishes the current working 3D raster mask.
  • r3.null - Explicitly create the 3D NULL-value bitmap file.
  • t.rast.null - Manages NULL-values of a given space time raster dataset.

object recognition

  • i.sam2 - Integrates SAMGeo model with text prompt for segmentation in GRASS GIS.
  • i.segment - Identifies segments (objects) from imagery data.

ogc

opendap

orthorectification

  • i.ortho.corr - Corrects orthophoto taking part of the adjacent orthophotos using a camera angle map.

orthorectify

  • i.ortho.camera - Select and modify the imagery group camera reference file.
  • i.ortho.elev - Select or modify the target elevation model.
  • i.ortho.init - Interactively creates or modifies entries in a camera initial exposure station file for imagery group referenced by a sub-block.
  • i.ortho.photo - Menu driver for the photo imagery programs.
  • i.ortho.rectify - Orthorectifies an image by using the image to photo coordinate transformation matrix.
  • i.ortho.target - Select or modify the imagery group target.
  • i.ortho.transform - Computes a coordinate transformation based on the control points.

osm

  • v.in.osm - Imports OpenStreetMap data into GRASS GIS.

output

  • d.out.file - Saves the contents of the active display monitor to a graphics file.
  • db.out.ogr - Exports attribute tables into various formats.
  • r.external.out - Redirects raster output to file utilizing GDAL library rather than storing in GRASS raster format.
  • r.out.ascii - Converts a raster map layer into a GRASS ASCII text file.
  • r.out.bin - Exports a GRASS raster to a binary array.
  • r.out.gdal - Exports GRASS raster maps into GDAL supported formats.
  • r.out.gridatb - Exports GRASS raster map to GRIDATB.FOR map file (TOPMODEL).
  • r.out.mat - Exports a GRASS raster to a binary MAT-File.
  • r.out.mpeg - Converts raster map series to MPEG movie.
  • r.out.png - Export a GRASS raster map as a non-georeferenced PNG image.
  • r.out.pov - Converts a raster map layer into a height-field file for POV-Ray.
  • r.out.ppm - Converts a GRASS raster map to a PPM image file.
  • r.out.ppm3 - Converts 3 GRASS raster layers (R,G,B) to a PPM image file.
  • r.out.vrml - Exports a raster map to the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML).
  • r.out.vtk - Converts raster maps into the VTK-ASCII format.
  • r.out.xyz - Exports a raster map to a text file as x,y,z values based on cell centers.
  • r3.out.ascii - Converts a 3D raster map layer into a ASCII text file.
  • r3.out.netcdf - Export a 3D raster map as netCDF file.
  • r3.out.v5d - Exports GRASS 3D raster map to 3-dimensional Vis5D file.
  • r3.out.vtk - Converts 3D raster maps into the VTK-ASCII format.
  • t.rast.out.vtk - Exports space time raster dataset as VTK time series.
  • v.external.out - Defines vector output format.
  • v.out.ascii - By default only features with category are exported. To export all features use 'layer=-1'.
  • v.out.dxf - Exports vector map to DXF file format.
  • v.out.ogr - By default a vector map layer is exported to OGC GeoPackage format.
  • v.out.pov - Converts GRASS x,y,z points to POV-Ray x,z,y format.
  • v.out.svg - Exports a vector map to SVG file.
  • v.out.vtk - Converts a vector map to VTK ASCII output.

overland flow

  • r.sim.water - Overland flow hydrologic simulation using path sampling method (SIMWE).
  • r.sim.water.mp - Overland flow hydrologic simulation using path sampling method (SIMWE).

paint labels

  • d.labels - Displays text labels (created with v.label) to the active frame on the graphics monitor.
  • v.label - Creates paint labels for a vector map from attached attributes.
  • v.label.sa - Create optimally placed labels for vector map(s)
  • v.label.sa - Create optimally placed labels for vector map(s)

parallel

  • i.segment.hierarchical - Hierarchical segmentation
  • i.segment.stats - Calculates statistics describing raster areas.
  • i.segment.uspo - Unsupervised segmentation parameter optimization
  • i.sentinel.parallel.download - Downloads Sentinel-2 images in parallel using i.sentinel.download.
  • i.spec.sam - Performs Spectral angle mapping on satellite/aerial images
  • r.gdd - Makes each output cell value a function of the values assigned to the corresponding cells in the input raster map layers.
  • r.in.usgs - Download user-requested products through the USGS TNM API
  • r.learn.ml - Supervised classification and regression of GRASS rasters using the python scikit-learn package
  • r.learn.train - Supervised classification and regression of GRASS rasters using the python scikit-learn package.
  • r.massmov - Estimates run-out and deposition of landslide phenomena over a complex topography.
  • r.maxent.lambdas - Computes raw or logistic prediction maps from MaxEnt lambdas files
  • r.mfilter - Performs raster map matrix filter.
  • r.neighbors - Makes each cell category value a function of the category values assigned to the cells around it, and stores new cell values in an output raster map layer.
  • r.patch - Creates a composite raster map layer by using known category values from one (or more) map layer(s) to fill in areas of "no data" in another map layer.
  • r.random.walk - Performs a 2D random walk inside the computational region and returns the resulting walk.
  • r.resamp.filter - Resamples raster map layers using an analytic kernel.
  • r.resamp.interp - Resamples raster map to a finer grid using interpolation.
  • r.series - Makes each output cell value a function of the values assigned to the corresponding cells in the input raster map layers.
  • r.shaded.pca - The combined shades highlight terrain features which wouldn't be visible using standard shading technique.
  • r.sim.sediment - Sediment transport and erosion/deposition simulation using path sampling method (SIMWE).
  • r.sim.terrain - Dynamic landscape evolution model
  • r.sim.water - Overland flow hydrologic simulation using path sampling method (SIMWE).
  • r.slope.aspect - Aspect is calculated counterclockwise from east.
  • r.sun - Computes direct (beam), diffuse and reflected solar irradiation raster maps for given day, latitude, surface and atmospheric conditions. Solar parameters (e.g. sunrise, sunset times, declination, extraterrestrial irradiance, daylight length) are saved in the map history file. Alternatively, a local time can be specified to compute solar incidence angle and/or irradiance raster maps. The shadowing effect of the topography is optionally incorporated.
  • r.sun.daily - Runs r.sun for multiple days in loop (mode 2)
  • r.sun.hourly - Runs r.sun in loop for given time range within one day (mode 1 or 2)
  • r.survey - Returns maps of visibility indexes from multiple survey points
  • r.texture - Generate images with textural features from a raster map.
  • r.tri - Computes the Terrain Ruggedness Index.
  • r.univar - Statistics include number of cells counted, minimum and maximum cell values, range, arithmetic mean, population variance, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and sum.
  • r.vector.ruggedness - Vector Ruggedness Measure
  • r.viewshed.exposure - Computes visual exposure to defined exposure source using weighted parametrised cumulative viewshed analysis.
  • t.rast.null - Manages NULL-values of a given space time raster dataset.
  • t.rast.univar - Calculates univariate statistics from the non-null cells for each registered raster map of a space time raster dataset.
  • t.rast.what.aggr - Sample a space time raster dataset at specific vector point map returning aggregate values and write the output to stdout or to attribute table
  • t.rast3d.univar - Calculates univariate statistics from the non-null cells for each registered 3D raster map of a space time 3D raster dataset.
  • v.surf.rst - Spatial approximation and topographic analysis from given point or isoline data in vector format to floating point raster format using regularized spline with tension.

patch

patch growing

  • r.futures.parallelpga - Module uses Patch-Growing Algorithm (PGA) to simulate urban-rural landscape structure development.
  • r.futures.pga - Module uses Patch-Growing Algorithm (PGA) to simulate urban-rural landscape structure development.
  • r.futures.simulation - Simulates landuse change using FUTure Urban-Regional Environment Simulation (FUTURES).

patch index

patching

  • r.patch - Creates a composite raster map layer by using known category values from one (or more) map layer(s) to fill in areas of "no data" in another map layer.
  • t.rast.patch - Patches multiple space time raster maps into a single raster map using r.patch.

path

percentile

percolation

perimeter

  • v.fill.holes - Fill holes in areas by keeping only outer boundaries
  • v.to.db - Populates attribute values from vector features.

permission

  • g.access - If no option given, prints current status.

pest

  • r.pops.spread - A dynamic species distribution model for pest or pathogen spread in forest or agricultural ecosystems (PoPS)

photo

pixel

  • i.landsat.qa - Reclassifies Landsat QA band according to acceptable pixel quality as defined by the user.

planar failure

planetary

  • r.crater - Creates meteorites from craters (-c) or craters from meteorites (default).

plot

  • Interactive scatter plot - wxGUI Interactive Scatter Plot Tool
  • d.profile - Plots profile of a transect.
  • g.gui.timeline - wxGUI Timeline Tool
  • g.gui.tplot - wxGUI Temporal Plot Tool
  • r.boxplot - Draws the boxplot of raster values. Optionally, this is done per category of a zonal raster layer
  • r.series.boxplot - Draws the boxplot of raster values of a series of input rasters.
  • t.rast.boxplot - Draws the boxplot of the raster maps of a space-time raster dataset
  • t.rast.line - Draws line plots of the raster maps in a space-time raster dataset
  • v.boxplot - Draws a boxplot of values from a specified attribute column in a vector dataset, with an optional grouping based on categories in another column.
  • v.histogram - Draws the histogram of values in a vector attribute column
  • v.scatterplot - Plots the values of two columns in the attribute table of an input vector layer in a scatterplot.

ply

point

  • v.edit - Edits a vector map, allows adding, deleting and modifying selected vector features.
  • v.in.ascii - Creates a vector map from an ASCII points file or ASCII vector file.
  • v.in.csv - (null)
  • v.in.lines - Imports ASCII x,y[,z] coordinates as a series of lines.
  • v.percolate - Continuum percolation analysis
  • v.segment - Creates points/segments from input vector lines and positions.
  • v.to.lines - Converts vector polygons or points to lines.
  • v.to.points - Creates points along input lines in new vector map with 2 layers.
  • v.type - Changes type of vector features.

point cloud

point density

  • v.kernel - Density is computed using a moving kernel. Optionally generates a vector density map on a vector network.

point pattern

  • v.kcv - Randomly partition points into test/train sets.
  • v.mkgrid - Creates a vector map of a user-defined grid.
  • v.normal - Tests for normality for vector points.
  • v.perturb - Random location perturbations of vector points.
  • v.qcount - Indices for quadrat counts of vector point lists.
  • v.random - Generates random 2D/3D vector points.

points

  • r.sample.category - Create sampling points from each category in a raster map
  • r.vect.stats - Bins vector points into a raster map.
  • v.decimate - Copies points from one vector to another while applying different decimations
  • v.in.db - Creates new vector (points) map from database table containing coordinates.
  • v.kcv - Randomly partition points into test/train sets.
  • v.normal - Tests for normality for vector points.
  • v.profile.points - Creates a profile (transect) from points

polar

  • m.cogo - It assumes a cartesian coordinate system

ports

  • v.civil - Generates a alignment for designing roads, channels, and ports in civil engineering

position

  • d.where - Identifies the geographic coordinates associated with point locations given in display coordinates.
  • r.what - Queries raster maps on their category values and category labels.
  • v.what - Queries a vector map at given locations.
  • v.what.rast - Uploads raster values at positions of vector points to the table.
  • v.what.rast.label - Uploads raster values and labels to vector point layer
  • v.what.rast.multi - Uploads values of multiple rasters at positions of vector points to the table.
  • v.what.rast3 - Uploads 3D raster values at positions of vector points to the table.
  • v.what.strds - Uploads space time raster dataset values at positions of vector points to the table.
  • v.what.strds.timestamp - Uploads space time raster dataset values to the attribute table at positions of vector points in space and time.
  • v.what.vect - Uploads vector values at positions of vector points to the table.

postscript

  • ps.map - Produces hardcopy PostScript map output.

potential soilloss

  • r.soillossbare - Calculates annual soil loss [t/(ha*a)] for bare soil. Use r.soillosscropland.py afterwards for grown soil.

precipitation

prediction

principal components analysis

  • i.pca - Principal components analysis (PCA) for image processing.

printing

  • g.gui.psmap - wxGUI Cartographic Composer
  • m.printws - Opens a workspace file and creates a map sheet according to its visible contents.
  • ps.map - Produces hardcopy PostScript map output.

profile

  • d.profile - Plots profile of a transect.
  • r.profile - Outputs the raster map layer values lying on user-defined line(s).
  • r.transect - Outputs raster map layer values lying along user defined transect line(s).
  • r3.cross.rast - Creates cross section 2D raster map from 3D raster map based on 2D elevation map
  • r3.profile - Outputs the raster map layer values lying on user-defined line(s).
  • v.profile - Vector map profiling tool
  • v.profile.points - Creates a profile (transect) from points

projection

  • g.isis3mt - Generates an ISIS3 map template file according to the current GRASS GIS coordinate reference system.
  • g.proj - Can also be used to create new GRASS projects.
  • g.proj.all - Reprojects raster and vector maps from given location and mapset to current mapset.
  • g.proj.identify - Autoidentifies EPSG code from WKT CRS definition.
  • g.projpicker - Queries projection information spatially.
  • m.proj - Converts coordinates from one projection to another (cs2cs frontend).
  • r.import - Imports raster data into a GRASS raster map using GDAL library and reprojects on the fly.
  • r.latlong - Creates a latitude/longitude raster map.
  • r.proj - Re-projects a raster map from given project to the current project.
  • v.import - Imports vector data into a GRASS vector map using OGR library and reprojects on the fly.
  • v.in.csv - (null)
  • v.proj - Re-projects a vector map from one project to the current project.

proximity

  • r.grow - Generates a raster map layer with contiguous areas grown by one cell.
  • r.grow.distance - Generates a raster map containing distances to nearest raster features and/or the value of the nearest non-null cell.

proximity analysis

  • r.pi.prob.mw - Probability analysis of 2 random points being in the same patch.
  • r.pi.prox - Calculates correlation of two raster maps by calculating correlation function of two corresponding rectangular areas for each raster point and writing the result into a new raster map.

pycnophylactic interpolation

qa

  • i.landsat.qa - Reclassifies Landsat QA band according to acceptable pixel quality as defined by the user.

quality

  • i.landsat.qa - Reclassifies Landsat QA band according to acceptable pixel quality as defined by the user.

quantile

quantization

  • r.quant - Produces the quantization file for a floating-point map.

query

  • r3.what - Queries 3D raster in specified 2D or 3D coordinates.

querying

  • d.where - Identifies the geographic coordinates associated with point locations given in display coordinates.
  • i.spectral - Displays spectral response at user specified locations in group or images.
  • r.what - Queries raster maps on their category values and category labels.
  • r.what.color - Queries colors for a raster map layer.
  • v.rast.stats - Calculates univariate statistics from a raster map based on a vector map and uploads statistics to new attribute columns.
  • v.strds.stats - Calculates univariate statistics from given space-time raster datasets based on a vector map
  • v.what - Queries a vector map at given locations.
  • v.what.rast - Uploads raster values at positions of vector points to the table.
  • v.what.rast.label - Uploads raster values and labels to vector point layer
  • v.what.rast.multi - Uploads values of multiple rasters at positions of vector points to the table.
  • v.what.rast3 - Uploads 3D raster values at positions of vector points to the table.
  • v.what.strds - Uploads space time raster dataset values at positions of vector points to the table.
  • v.what.strds.timestamp - Uploads space time raster dataset values to the attribute table at positions of vector points in space and time.
  • v.what.vect - Uploads vector values at positions of vector points to the table.

radar

radiance

  • i.aster.toar - Calculates Top of Atmosphere Radiance/Reflectance/Brightness Temperature from ASTER DN.
  • i.atcorr - 6S - Second Simulation of Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum.
  • i.landsat.toar - Calculates top-of-atmosphere radiance or reflectance and temperature for Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+/OLI

radiometric conversion

  • i.aster.toar - Calculates Top of Atmosphere Radiance/Reflectance/Brightness Temperature from ASTER DN.
  • i.atcorr - 6S - Second Simulation of Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum.
  • i.landsat.toar - Calculates top-of-atmosphere radiance or reflectance and temperature for Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+/OLI

rainfall

  • r.usler - Computes USLE R factor, Rainfall erosivity index.

random

  • r.random - Creates a raster map and vector point map containing randomly located cells and points.
  • r.random.cells - Generates random cell values with spatial dependence.
  • r.random.surface - Generates random surface(s) with spatial dependence.
  • r.random.walk - Performs a 2D random walk inside the computational region and returns the resulting walk.
  • r.random.weight - Generates a binary raster layer with a random selection of raster cells depending on the weight of each cell in the input weight layer.
  • r.sample.category - Create sampling points from each category in a raster map
  • r.surf.gauss - Mean and standard deviation of gaussian deviates can be expressed by the user.
  • r.surf.random - Produces a raster surface map of uniform random deviates with defined range.
  • v.extract - Selects vector features from an existing vector map and creates a new vector map containing only the selected features.
  • v.perturb - Random location perturbations of vector points.
  • v.random - Generates random 2D/3D vector points.

raster

  • 3D visualization - wxGUI 3D View Mode
  • Computes the residual energy potential of different renewable energies - Computes the residual energy potential of different renewable energies like biomass or hydropower
  • Raster digitizer - wxGUI Raster Digitizer
  • Toolset for Computing the Energy Potential of Biomass - Toolset for computing the energy potential of biomass from the forestry residues, considering different limits and constraints
  • Toolset for Computing the Ground Source Heat Pump - Toolset for computing the Ground Source Heat Pump
  • Toolset for multiscale analysis of landscape patch structure - Toolset for multiscale analysis of landscape patch structure
  • d.colortable - Displays the color table associated with a raster map layer.
  • d.correlate - Prints a graph of the correlation between raster maps (in pairs).
  • d.explanation.plot - Draw a plot of multiple rasters to explain a raster operation for example a + b = c
  • d.profile - Plots profile of a transect.
  • d.rast - Displays user-specified raster map in the active graphics frame.
  • d.rast.arrow - Draws arrows representing cell aspect direction for a raster map containing aspect data.
  • d.rast.edit - Edits cell values in a raster map.
  • d.rast.num - Overlays cell category values on a raster map displayed in the active graphics frame.
  • d.rgb - Displays three user-specified raster maps as red, green, and blue overlays in the active graphics frame.
  • d.to.rast - Saves the contents of the active display monitor to a raster map.
  • g.gui.rdigit - wxGUI Raster Digitizer
  • g.gui.rlisetup - wxGUI RLi Setup
  • i.ann.maskrcnn.detect - Detect features in images using a Mask R-CNN model
  • i.ann.maskrcnn.train - Train your Mask R-CNN network
  • i.edge - Canny edge detector.
  • i.gabor - Creates Gabor filter bank for a 2-dimensional image
  • i.modis.download - Download single or multiple tiles of MODIS products using pyModis.
  • i.modis.import - Import single or multiple tiles of MODIS products using pyModis.
  • i.spectral - Displays spectral response at user specified locations in group or images.
  • m.nviz.image - Renders surfaces (raster data), 2D/3D vector data, and volumes (3D raster data) in 3D.
  • m.nviz.script - Creates fly-through script to run in NVIZ.
  • r.accumulate - Calculates weighted flow accumulation, subwatersheds, stream networks, and longest flow paths using a flow direction map.
  • r.area - Calculates area of clumped areas and remove areas smaller or greater than given threshold.
  • r.area.createweight - Create a dasymetric weighting layer with Random Forest
  • r.basin - Morphometric characterization of river basins
  • r.basins.fill - Generates watershed subbasins raster map.
  • r.bearing.distance - Find the bearing and/or straight-line distance from all non-null cells to the specified point.
  • r.bioclim - Calculates bioclimatic indices.
  • r.bitpattern - Compares bit patterns with a raster map.
  • r.blend - Blends color components of two raster maps by a given ratio.
  • r.boxplot - Draws the boxplot of raster values. Optionally, this is done per category of a zonal raster layer
  • r.buffer - Creates a raster map showing buffer zones surrounding cells that contain non-NULL category values.
  • r.buffer.lowmem - This is the low-memory alternative to the classic r.buffer module.
  • r.buildvrt - Build a VRT (Virtual Raster) from the list of input raster maps.
  • r.buildvrt.gdal - Build GDAL Virtual Rasters (VRT) over GRASS GIS raster maps
  • r.carve - Takes vector stream data, transforms it to raster and subtracts depth from the output DEM.
  • r.catchment - Creates a raster buffer of specified area around vector points using cost distances using r.walk.
  • r.category - Manages category values and labels associated with user-specified raster map layers.
  • r.category.trim - Export categories and corresponding colors as QGIS color file or csv file. Non-existing categories and their color definitions will be removed.
  • r.cell.area - Calculate cell sizes within the computational region
  • r.centroids - Creates vector map of centroids from raster of "clumps".
  • r.change.info - Landscape change assessment
  • r.circle - Creates a raster map containing concentric rings around a given point.
  • r.clip - Extracts portion of the input raster map which is in the current computational region
  • r.clump - Recategorizes data in a raster map by grouping cells that form physically discrete areas into unique categories.
  • r.coin - Tabulates the mutual occurrence (coincidence) of categories for two raster map layers.
  • r.colors - Creates/modifies the color table associated with a raster map.
  • r.colors.contrastbrightness - Change the contrast/brightness of a raster.
  • r.colors.cubehelix - Create or apply a cubehelix color table to a GRASS raster map
  • r.colors.matplotlib - Convert or apply a Matplotlib color table to a GRASS raster map
  • r.colors.out - Exports the color table associated with a raster map.
  • r.colors.out_sld - Exports the color table associated with a raster map layer in SLD format.
  • r.colors.stddev - Sets color rules based on stddev from a raster map's mean value.
  • r.composite - Combines red, green and blue raster maps into a single composite raster map.
  • r.compress - Compresses and decompresses raster maps.
  • r.confusionmatrix - Calculates a confusion matrix and accuracies for a given classification using r.kappa.
  • r.connectivity.corridors - Compute corridors between habitat patches of an input-layer based on (cost) distance raster maps
  • r.connectivity.distance - Compute cost-distances between patches of an input vector map
  • r.connectivity.network - Compute connectivity measures for a set of habitat patches based on graph-theory
  • r.contour - Produces a vector map of specified contours from a raster map.
  • r.convergence - Calculate convergence index.
  • r.cost - Creates a raster map showing the cumulative cost of moving between different geographic locations on an input raster map whose cell category values represent cost.
  • r.covar - Outputs a covariance/correlation matrix for user-specified raster map layer(s).
  • r.crater - Creates meteorites from craters (-c) or craters from meteorites (default).
  • r.cross - Creates a cross product of the category values from multiple raster map layers.
  • r.damflood - Estimate the area potentially inundated in case of dam break
  • r.describe - Prints terse list of category values found in a raster map layer.
  • r.distance - Locates the closest points between objects in two raster maps.
  • r.divergence - Computes divergence of a vector field defined by magnitude and direction
  • r.diversity - Calculate diversity indices based on a moving window using r.li packages
  • r.drain - Traces a flow through an elevation model or cost surface on a raster map.
  • r.euro.ecosystem - Sets colors and categories of European ecosystem raster data set
  • r.exdet - Quantification of novel uni- and multi-variate environments
  • r.external - Links GDAL supported raster data as a pseudo GRASS raster map.
  • r.external.out - Redirects raster output to file utilizing GDAL library rather than storing in GRASS raster format.
  • r.extract - Extracts specified categories of an integer input map.
  • r.fill.category - Replaces the values of pixels of a given category with values of the surrounding pixels.
  • r.fill.dir - Filters and generates a depressionless elevation map and a flow direction map from a given elevation raster map.
  • r.fill.stats - Rapidly fills 'no data' cells (NULLs) of a raster map with interpolated values (IDW).
  • r.fillnulls - Fills no-data areas in raster maps using spline interpolation.
  • r.findtheriver - Find the stream pixel nearest the input coordinate
  • r.flexure - Computes lithospheric flexural isostasy
  • r.flow - Computes flowlines, flowpath lengths, and flowaccumulation (contributing areas) from a elevation raster map.
  • r.flowaccumulation - Calculates flow accumulation from a flow direction raster map using the Memory-Efficient Flow Accumulation (MEFA) parallel algorithm by Cho (2023).
  • r.flowfill - Moves water downhill into pools or the ocean/map edge
  • r.forcircular - Evaluation of circular bioeconomy level of forest ecosystems
  • r.forestfrag - Computes the forest fragmentation index (Riitters et al. 2000)
  • r.fusion - image fusion, generalized pan-sharpening
  • r.futures.calib - Module for calibrating patch characteristics used as input to r.futures.pga
  • r.futures.demand - Script for creating demand table which determines the quantity of land change expected.
  • r.futures.devpressure - Module for computing development pressure
  • r.futures.gridvalidation - Module for validating land change simulation on a grid
  • r.futures.parallelpga - Module uses Patch-Growing Algorithm (PGA) to simulate urban-rural landscape structure development.
  • r.futures.pga - Module uses Patch-Growing Algorithm (PGA) to simulate urban-rural landscape structure development.
  • r.futures.potential - Module for computing development potential as input to r.futures.pga
  • r.futures.potsurface - Module for computing development potential surface from CSV file created by r.futures.potential and predictors
  • r.futures.simulation - Simulates landuse change using FUTure Urban-Regional Environment Simulation (FUTURES).
  • r.futures.validation - Module for land change simulation validation and accuracy assessment
  • r.fuzzy.logic - Performs logical operations on membership images created with r.fuzzy.set or different method. Use families for fuzzy logic.
  • r.fuzzy.set - Calculate membership value of any raster map according user's rules.
  • r.fuzzy.system - Fuzzy logic classification system with multiple fuzzy logic families implication and defuzzification and methods.
  • r.gdd - Makes each output cell value a function of the values assigned to the corresponding cells in the input raster map layers.
  • r.geomorphon - Calculates geomorphons (terrain forms) and associated geometry using machine vision approach.
  • r.gradient - Create a gradient map
  • r.green.biomassfor.co2 - Calculates impact and multifunctionality values
  • r.green.biomassfor.financial - Estimates bioenergy that can be collected to supply heating plants or biomass logistic centres and that is associated with a positive net revenue for the entire production process
  • r.green.biomassfor.impact - Calculates impact and multifunctionality values
  • r.green.biomassfor.legal - Estimates potential bioenergy depending on forest increment, forest management and forest treatment
  • r.green.biomassfor.recommended - Estimates potential bioenergy according to environmental restriction
  • r.green.biomassfor.technical - Estimates the quantity of woody biomass obtained from a forest surface where extraction is possible given a particular level of mechanisation
  • r.green.biomassfor.theoretical - Estimates potential bioenergy depending on forest increment, forest management and forest treatment
  • r.green.gshp.technical - Calculate the Ground Source Heat Pump technical potential using the ASHRAE method.
  • r.green.gshp.theoretical - Calculate the Ground Source Heat Pump potential
  • r.green.hydro.discharge - Calculate average natural discharge and minimum flow following regional law an
  • r.green.hydro.optimal - Detect the position of the potential hydropower plants that can produce the highest possible power
  • r.green.hydro.planning - Calculate hydropower energy potential with user's recommendations
  • r.green.hydro.recommended - Calculate hydropower energy potential with user's recommendations
  • r.green.hydro.technical - Hydropower potential with technical constraints
  • r.green.hydro.theoretical - Calculate the hydropower energy potential for each basin starting from discharge and elevation data. If existing plants are available it computes the potential installed power in the available part of the rivers.
  • r.grow - Generates a raster map layer with contiguous areas grown by one cell.
  • r.grow.distance - Generates a raster map containing distances to nearest raster features and/or the value of the nearest non-null cell.
  • r.gwflow - Numerical calculation program for transient, confined and unconfined groundwater flow in two dimensions.
  • r.gwr - Calculates geographically weighted regression from raster maps.
  • r.hand - Performs Height Above Nearest Drainage (HAND) analysis and flood inundation mapping with HAND method.
  • r.hants - Approximates a periodic time series and creates approximated output.
  • r.hazard.flood - Fast procedure to detect flood prone areas.
  • r.his - Generates red, green and blue (RGB) raster map layers combining hue, intensity and saturation (HIS) values from user-specified input raster map layers.
  • r.houghtransform - Performs Hough transformation and extracts line segments from image. Region shall be set to input map. Can work only on small images since map is loaded into memory.
  • r.hydro.flatten - Derive elevation of water bodies for hydro-flattening
  • r.hydrobasin - Delineates a large number of watersheds using the Memory-Efficient Watershed Delineation (MESHED) OpenMP parallel algorithm by Cho (2025).
  • r.hydrodem - Hydrological conditioning, sink removal
  • r.hypso - Outputs a hypsometric and hypsographic graph.
  • r.import - Imports raster data into a GRASS raster map using GDAL library and reprojects on the fly.
  • r.in.ahn - Imports the 0.5 meter resolution dtm or dsm from the AHN (Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland (AHN), version 4.
  • r.in.ascii - Converts a GRASS ASCII raster file to binary raster map.
  • r.in.aster - Georeference, rectify, and import Terra-ASTER imagery and relative DEMs using gdalwarp.
  • r.in.bin - Import a binary raster file into a GRASS raster map layer.
  • r.in.gdal - Imports raster data into a GRASS raster map using GDAL library.
  • r.in.gridatb - Imports GRIDATB.FOR map file (TOPMODEL) into a GRASS raster map.
  • r.in.mat - Imports a binary MAT-File(v4) to a GRASS raster.
  • r.in.nasadem - Creates a DEM from 1 arcsec NASADEM tiles.
  • r.in.ogc.coverages - Downloads and imports data from OGC API Coverages server.
  • r.in.pdal - Creates a raster map from LAS LiDAR points using univariate statistics.
  • r.in.pdal - Creates a raster map from LAS LiDAR points using univariate statistics and r.in.xyz.
  • r.in.png - Imports non-georeferenced PNG format image.
  • r.in.poly - Creates raster maps from ASCII polygon/line/point data files.
  • r.in.srtm - Imports SRTM HGT files into raster map.
  • r.in.srtm.region - Creates a DEM from 3 arcsec SRTM v2.1 or 1 arcsec SRTM v3 tiles.
  • r.in.usgs - Download user-requested products through the USGS TNM API
  • r.in.wcs - Downloads and imports coverage from WCS server.
  • r.in.wms - Downloads and imports data from OGC WMS and OGC WMTS web mapping servers.
  • r.in.xyz - Creates a raster map from an assemblage of many coordinates using univariate statistics.
  • r.info - Outputs basic information about a raster map.
  • r.info.iso - Creates metadata based on ISO standard for specified raster map.
  • r.jpdf - From two series of input raster maps, calculates the joint probability function and outputs the probabilities of occurrence in the specified bins.
  • r.kappa - Calculates error matrix and kappa parameter for accuracy assessment of classification result.
  • r.lake - Fills lake at given point to given level.
  • r.lake.series - Fills lake at given point(s) to given levels.
  • r.landscape.evol - Simulates the cumulative effect of erosion and deposition on a landscape over time.
  • r.landscape.evol.old - Simulates the cumulative effect of erosion and deposition on a landscape over time.
  • r.latlong - Creates a latitude/longitude raster map.
  • r.le.patch - Calculates attribute, patch size, core (interior) size, shape, fractal dimension, and perimeter measures for sets of patches in a landscape.
  • r.le.pixel - Contains a set of measures for attributes, diversity, texture, juxtaposition, and edge.
  • r.learn.ml - Supervised classification and regression of GRASS rasters using the python scikit-learn package
  • r.learn.predict - Apply a fitted scikit-learn estimator to rasters in a GRASS GIS imagery group.
  • r.learn.train - Supervised classification and regression of GRASS rasters using the python scikit-learn package.
  • r.li.cwed - Calculates contrast weighted edge density index on a raster map
  • r.li.dominance - Calculates dominance's diversity index on a raster map
  • r.li.edgedensity - Calculates edge density index on a raster map, using a 4 neighbour algorithm
  • r.li.mpa - Calculates mean pixel attribute index on a raster map
  • r.li.mps - Calculates mean patch size index on a raster map, using a 4 neighbour algorithm
  • r.li.padcv - Calculates coefficient of variation of patch area on a raster map
  • r.li.padrange - Calculates range of patch area size on a raster map
  • r.li.padsd - Calculates standard deviation of patch area a raster map
  • r.li.patchdensity - Calculates patch density index on a raster map, using a 4 neighbour algorithm
  • r.li.patchnum - Calculates patch number index on a raster map, using a 4 neighbour algorithm.
  • r.li.pielou - Calculates Pielou's diversity index on a raster map
  • r.li.renyi - Calculates Renyi's diversity index on a raster map
  • r.li.richness - Calculates richness index on a raster map
  • r.li.shannon - Calculates Shannon's diversity index on a raster map
  • r.li.shape - Calculates shape index on a raster map
  • r.li.simpson - Calculates Simpson's diversity index on a raster map
  • r.local.relief - Creates a local relief model from elevation map.
  • r.mapcalc - Raster map calculator.
  • r.mapcalc.simple - Calculates a new raster map from a simple r.mapcalc expression.
  • r.mapcalc.tiled - Runs r.mapcalc in parallel over tiles.
  • r.mask - Creates a raster mask for limiting raster operation.
  • r.mask.status - Provides information about the presence of a 2D raster mask as text output or return code
  • r.massmov - Estimates run-out and deposition of landslide phenomena over a complex topography.
  • r.maxent.lambdas - Computes raw or logistic prediction maps from MaxEnt lambdas files
  • r.mblend - Blends two rasters of different spatial resolution.
  • r.mcda.ahp - Generates a raster map classified with analytic hierarchy process (AHP).
  • r.mcda.electre - Multicirtieria decision analysis based on ELECTRE method
  • r.mcda.input - Generates a raster map classified with Dominance Rough Set Approach. Use *.rls file from JAMM, 4eMka2 etc.
  • r.mcda.output - Exports criteria raster maps and decision raster map in a *.isf file (e.g. 4eMka2, jMAF) for dominance rough set approach analysis.
  • r.mcda.promethee - Multicirtieria decision analysis based on PROMETHEE method
  • r.mcda.roughset - Generates a MCDA map from several criteria maps using Dominance Rough Set Approach.
  • r.mcda.topsis - Generates a MCDA map based on TOPSIS algorthm.
  • r.meb - Compute the multivariate environmental bias (MEB)
  • r.mess - Computes multivariate environmental similarity surface (MES)
  • r.mfilter - Performs raster map matrix filter.
  • r.mode - Finds the mode of values in a cover map within areas assigned the same category value in a user-specified base map.
  • r.mwprecip - Module for working with microwave links
  • r.neighborhoodmatrix - Calculates geometry parameters for raster objects.
  • r.neighbors - Makes each cell category value a function of the category values assigned to the cells around it, and stores new cell values in an output raster map layer.
  • r.niche.similarity - Computes niche overlap or similarity
  • r.northerness.easterness - Calculation of northerness, easterness and the interaction between northerness and slope
  • r.null - Manages NULL-values of given raster map.
  • r.null.all - Manages NULL values of raster maps in a mapset or their subset.
  • r.object.geometry - Calculates geometry parameters for raster objects.
  • r.object.spatialautocor - Spatial autocorrelation of raster objects
  • r.object.thickness - Evaluates minimum, maximum and mean thickness of objects of a given category on a raster map.
  • r.out.ascii - Converts a raster map layer into a GRASS ASCII text file.
  • r.out.bin - Exports a GRASS raster to a binary array.
  • r.out.gdal - Exports GRASS raster maps into GDAL supported formats.
  • r.out.gridatb - Exports GRASS raster map to GRIDATB.FOR map file (TOPMODEL).
  • r.out.kde - Exports raster with variable transparency into an image file
  • r.out.legend - Create an image file showing the legend of a raster map
  • r.out.mat - Exports a GRASS raster to a binary MAT-File.
  • r.out.maxent_swd - Exports map data as input to MaxEnt in SWD format
  • r.out.mpeg - Converts raster map series to MPEG movie.
  • r.out.png - Export a GRASS raster map as a non-georeferenced PNG image.
  • r.out.pov - Converts a raster map layer into a height-field file for POV-Ray.
  • r.out.ppm - Converts a GRASS raster map to a PPM image file.
  • r.out.ppm3 - Converts 3 GRASS raster layers (R,G,B) to a PPM image file.
  • r.out.tiff - Exports a GRASS raster map to a 8/24bit TIFF image file.
  • r.out.vrml - Exports a raster map to the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML).
  • r.out.vtk - Converts raster maps into the VTK-ASCII format.
  • r.out.xyz - Exports a raster map to a text file as x,y,z values based on cell centers.
  • r.pack - Exports a raster map as GRASS GIS specific archive file
  • r.param.scale - Uses a multi-scale approach by taking fitting quadratic parameters to any size window (via least squares).
  • r.patch - Creates a composite raster map layer by using known category values from one (or more) map layer(s) to fill in areas of "no data" in another map layer.
  • r.patch.smooth - Module for patching rasters with smoothing along edges
  • r.path - Traces paths from starting points following input directions.
  • r.pi.corr.mw - Moving window correlation analysis.
  • r.pi.csr.mw - Complete Spatial Randomness analysis on moving window.
  • r.pi.energy - Individual-based dispersal model for connectivity analysis - energy based.
  • r.pi.energy.pr - Individual-based dispersal model for connectivity analysis (energy based) using iterative patch removal.
  • r.pi.enn - Analysis of n-th Euclidean Nearest Neighbor distance.
  • r.pi.enn.pr - Patch relevance for Euclidean Nearest Neighbor patches.
  • r.pi.export - Export of patch based information.
  • r.pi.fnn - Determines patches of given value and performs a nearest-neighbor analysis.
  • r.pi.graph - Graph Theory for connectivity analysis.
  • r.pi.graph.dec - Graph Theory - successive criteria-based deletion of patches.
  • r.pi.graph.pr - Graph Theory - iterative removal (patch relevance analysis).
  • r.pi.graph.red - Graph Theory - decreasing distance threshold option.
  • r.pi.grow - Size and suitability based region growing.
  • r.pi.import - Import and generation of patch raster data
  • r.pi.index - Basic patch based indices
  • r.pi.lm - Linear regression analysis for patches.
  • r.pi.neigh - Neighbourhood analysis - value of patches within a defined range.
  • r.pi.nlm - Creates a random generated map with values 0 or 1by given landcover and fragment count.
  • r.pi.nlm.circ - Creates a random landscape with defined attributes.
  • r.pi.nlm.stats - Neutral Landscape Generator - index statistics
  • r.pi.odc - Omnidirectional connectivity analysis
  • r.pi.prob.mw - Probability analysis of 2 random points being in the same patch.
  • r.pi.prox - Calculates correlation of two raster maps by calculating correlation function of two corresponding rectangular areas for each raster point and writing the result into a new raster map.
  • r.pi.rectangle - Generates a rectangle based on a corner coordinate.
  • r.pi.searchtime - Individual-based dispersal model for connectivity analysis (time-based)
  • r.pi.searchtime.mw - Individual-based dispersal model for connectivity analysis (time-based) using moving window
  • r.pi.searchtime.pr - Individual-based dispersal model for connectivity analysis (time-based) using iterative removal of patches
  • r.plane - Creates raster plane map given dip (inclination), aspect (azimuth) and one point.
  • r.pops.spread - A dynamic species distribution model for pest or pathogen spread in forest or agricultural ecosystems (PoPS)
  • r.profile - Outputs the raster map layer values lying on user-defined line(s).
  • r.proj - Re-projects a raster map from given project to the current project.
  • r.quant - Produces the quantization file for a floating-point map.
  • r.quantile - Compute quantiles using two passes.
  • r.quantile.ref - Determines quantile for input value from reference raster map layers.
  • r.random - Creates a raster map and vector point map containing randomly located cells and points.
  • r.random.cells - Generates random cell values with spatial dependence.
  • r.random.surface - Generates random surface(s) with spatial dependence.
  • r.random.walk - Performs a 2D random walk inside the computational region and returns the resulting walk.
  • r.random.weight - Generates a binary raster layer with a random selection of raster cells depending on the weight of each cell in the input weight layer.
  • r.reclass - Creates a new raster map whose category values are based upon a reclassification of the categories in an existing raster map.
  • r.reclass.area - Reclasses a raster map greater or less than user specified area size (in hectares).
  • r.recode - Recodes categorical raster maps.
  • r.recode.attr - Recode raster based on the values in one or more columns in a csv file.
  • r.region - Sets the boundary definitions for a raster map.
  • r.regression.multi - Calculates multiple linear regression from raster maps.
  • r.regression.series - Makes each output cell value a function of the values assigned to the corresponding cells in the input raster map layers.
  • r.relief - (null)
  • r.report - Reports statistics for raster maps.
  • r.resamp.bspline - Performs bilinear or bicubic spline interpolation with Tykhonov regularization.
  • r.resamp.filter - Resamples raster map layers using an analytic kernel.
  • r.resamp.interp - Resamples raster map to a finer grid using interpolation.
  • r.resamp.rst - Reinterpolates and optionally computes topographic analysis from input raster map to a new raster map (possibly with different resolution) using regularized spline with tension and smoothing.
  • r.resamp.stats - Resamples raster map layers to a coarser grid using aggregation.
  • r.resamp.tps - Performs thin plate spline interpolation with regularization and covariables.
  • r.resample - GRASS raster map layer data resampling capability.
  • r.rescale - Rescales the range of category values in a raster map layer.
  • r.rescale.eq - Rescales histogram equalized the range of category values in a raster map layer.
  • r.rgb - Splits a raster map into red, green and blue maps.
  • r.richdem.breachdepressions - Breaches depressions using RichDEM
  • r.richdem.filldepressions - Floods depressions using RichDEM
  • r.richdem.flowaccumulation - Calculates flow accumulation via one of a variety of methods.
  • r.richdem.resolveflats - Directs flow from flat areas on depression-filled DEMs
  • r.richdem.terrainattribute - Calculates local terrain attributes.
  • r.ros - Generates three, or four raster map layers showing the base (perpendicular) rate of spread (ROS), the maximum (forward) ROS, the direction of the maximum ROS, and optionally the maximum potential spotting distance for fire spread simulation.
  • r.roughness.vector - Calculates surface roughness in a moving-window, as the orientation of vectors normal to surface planes.
  • r.sample.category - Create sampling points from each category in a raster map
  • r.scatterplot - Creates a scatter plot of two or more raster maps as a vector map
  • r.seasons - Extracts seasons from a time series.
  • r.series - Makes each output cell value a function of the values assigned to the corresponding cells in the input raster map layers.
  • r.series.accumulate - Makes each output cell value a accumulationfunction of the values assigned to the corresponding cells in the input raster map layers.
  • r.series.boxplot - Draws the boxplot of raster values of a series of input rasters.
  • r.series.decompose - Calculates decomposition of time series X.
  • r.series.diversity - Compute diversity indici over input layers
  • r.series.filter - Performs filtering of raster time series X (in time domain).
  • r.series.interp - Interpolates raster maps located (temporal or spatial) in between input raster maps at specific sampling positions.
  • r.series.lwr - Approximates a time series and creates approximated, gap-filled output.
  • r.shade - Drapes a color raster over an shaded relief or aspect map.
  • r.shaded.pca - The combined shades highlight terrain features which wouldn't be visible using standard shading technique.
  • r.shalstab - A model for shallow landslide susceptibility.
  • r.sim.sediment - Sediment transport and erosion/deposition simulation using path sampling method (SIMWE).
  • r.sim.terrain - Dynamic landscape evolution model
  • r.sim.water - Overland flow hydrologic simulation using path sampling method (SIMWE).
  • r.sim.water.mp - Overland flow hydrologic simulation using path sampling method (SIMWE).
  • r.skyline - Compute the skyline index and / or find the horizon cells in a raster viewshed.
  • r.skyview - Computes skyview factor visualization technique.
  • r.slope.aspect - Aspect is calculated counterclockwise from east.
  • r.slope.direction - Calculates slope following a direction raster.
  • r.slopeunits.clean - Clean results of r.slopeunits.create
  • r.slopeunits.create - Create a raster layer of slope units
  • r.slopeunits.metrics - Create metrics for slope units
  • r.slopeunits.optimize - Optimize inputs for slope units
  • r.smooth.seg - Generates a piece-wise smooth approximation of the input raster and a discontinuity map.
  • r.soillossbare - Calculates annual soil loss [t/(ha*a)] for bare soil. Use r.soillosscropland.py afterwards for grown soil.
  • r.soils.texture - Define soil texture from sand and clay grid.
  • r.solute.transport - Numerical calculation program for transient, confined and unconfined solute transport in two dimensions
  • r.spread - Generates a raster map of the cumulative time of spread, given raster maps containing the rates of spread (ROS), the ROS directions and the spread origins. It optionally produces raster maps to contain backlink UTM coordinates for tracing spread paths. Usable for fire spread simulations.
  • r.spreadpath - Recursively traces the least cost path backwards to cells from which the cumulative cost was determined.
  • r.statistics - Calculates category or object oriented statistics.
  • r.stats - Generates area statistics for raster map.
  • r.stats.quantile - Compute category quantiles using two passes.
  • r.stats.zonal - Calculates category or object oriented statistics (accumulator-based statistics).
  • r.stone - The STONE rockfall module
  • r.stream.basins - Input can be stream network, vector point map with outlets or outlet coordinates.
  • r.stream.channel - Calculates local parameters for individual streams.
  • r.stream.distance - The module can work in stream mode where target are streams and outlets mode where targets are outlets.
  • r.stream.extract - Performs stream network extraction.
  • r.stream.order - Basic module for topological analysis of drainage network.
  • r.stream.segment - Divides network into near straight-line segments and calculate its order.
  • r.stream.slope - Calculates local parameters for slope subsystem.
  • r.stream.snap - Input can be stream network, point vector map with outlets or outlet coordinates.
  • r.stream.stats - Calculates Horton's statistics for Strahler and Horton ordered networks created with r.stream.order.
  • r.stream.variables - Calculation of contiguous stream-specific variables that account for the upstream environment (based on r.stream.watersheds).
  • r.stream.watersheds - Sub-watershed and sub-stream delineation based on the drainage direction and a gridded stream network.
  • r.subdayprecip.design - Computes subday design precipitation totals.
  • r.sun - Computes direct (beam), diffuse and reflected solar irradiation raster maps for given day, latitude, surface and atmospheric conditions. Solar parameters (e.g. sunrise, sunset times, declination, extraterrestrial irradiance, daylight length) are saved in the map history file. Alternatively, a local time can be specified to compute solar incidence angle and/or irradiance raster maps. The shadowing effect of the topography is optionally incorporated.
  • r.sun.daily - Runs r.sun for multiple days in loop (mode 2)
  • r.sun.hourly - Runs r.sun in loop for given time range within one day (mode 1 or 2)
  • r.sunmask - Either exact sun position (A) is specified, or date/time to calculate the sun position (B) by r.sunmask itself.
  • r.support - Allows creation and/or modification of raster map layer support files.
  • r.support.stats - Update raster map statistics
  • r.surf.area - Prints estimation of surface area for raster map.
  • r.surf.contour - Generates surface raster map from rasterized contours.
  • r.surf.fractal - Creates a fractal surface of a given fractal dimension.
  • r.surf.gauss - Mean and standard deviation of gaussian deviates can be expressed by the user.
  • r.surf.idw - Provides surface interpolation from raster point data by Inverse Distance Squared Weighting.
  • r.surf.idw2 - Provides surface interpolation from raster point data by Inverse Distance Squared Weighting.
  • r.surf.random - Produces a raster surface map of uniform random deviates with defined range.
  • r.survey - Returns maps of visibility indexes from multiple survey points
  • r.terraflow - Performs flow computation for massive grids.
  • r.terrain.texture - Unsupervised nested-means algorithm for terrain classification
  • r.texture - Generate images with textural features from a raster map.
  • r.texture.tiled - Runs r.texture in parallel over tiles
  • r.thin - Thins non-null cells that denote linear features in a raster map layer.
  • r.threshold - Find optimal threshold for stream extraction
  • r.tile - Splits a raster map into tiles.
  • r.tileset - Produces tilings of the source projection for use in the destination region and projection.
  • r.timestamp - Print/add/remove a timestamp for a raster map.
  • r.to.rast3 - Converts 2D raster map slices to one 3D raster volume map.
  • r.to.rast3elev - Creates a 3D volume map based on 2D elevation and value raster maps.
  • r.to.vect - Converts a raster map into a vector map.
  • r.to.vect.lines - Convert raster rows to vector lines.
  • r.to.vect.tiled - Converts a raster map into vector tiles.
  • r.topidx - Creates a topographic index (wetness index) raster map from an elevation raster map.
  • r.topmodel - Simulates TOPMODEL which is a physically based hydrologic model.
  • r.tpi - Calculates the multiscale topographic position index
  • r.transect - Outputs raster map layer values lying along user defined transect line(s).
  • r.traveltime - Computes the travel time of surface runoff to an outlet
  • r.tri - Computes the Terrain Ruggedness Index.
  • r.univar - Statistics include number of cells counted, minimum and maximum cell values, range, arithmetic mean, population variance, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and sum.
  • r.univar2 - Calculates univariate statistics from the non-null cells of a raster map.
  • r.unpack - Imports a GRASS GIS specific raster archive file (packed with r.pack) as a raster map
  • r.uslek - Computes USLE Soil Erodibility Factor (K).
  • r.usler - Computes USLE R factor, Rainfall erosivity index.
  • r.valley.bottom - Calculation of Multi-resolution Valley Bottom Flatness (MrVBF) index
  • r.vect.stats - Bins vector points into a raster map.
  • r.vector.ruggedness - Vector Ruggedness Measure
  • r.viewshed.cva - Undertakes a "cumulative viewshed analysis" using a vector points map as input "viewing" locations, using r.viewshed to calculate the individual viewsheds.
  • r.viewshed.exposure - Computes visual exposure to defined exposure source using weighted parametrised cumulative viewshed analysis.
  • r.vif - To calculate the stepwise variance inflation factor.
  • r.vol.dem - Creates a 3D raster model (voxels) from a series of raster DEMs
  • r.volume - Optionally produces a GRASS vector points map containing the calculated centroids of these clumps.
  • r.walk - Creates a raster map showing the anisotropic cumulative cost of moving between different geographic locations on an input raster map whose cell category values represent cost.
  • r.water.outlet - Creates watershed basins from a drainage direction map.
  • r.wateroutlet.lessmem - Creates watershed basins from a drainage direction map.
  • r.watershed - Calculates hydrological parameters and RUSLE factors.
  • r.what - Queries raster maps on their category values and category labels.
  • r.what.color - Queries colors for a raster map layer.
  • r.width.funct - Calculates the Width Function of a watershed basin.
  • r.windfetch - Computes wind fetch which is the length of water over which winds blow without obstruction
  • r.zonal.classes - Calculates zonal classes proportion describing raster areas's composition, e.g., in terms of land-cover classes.
  • r3.count.categories - Count categories in vertical direction
  • r3.cross.rast - Creates cross section 2D raster map from 3D raster map based on 2D elevation map
  • r3.mapcalc - Raster map calculator.
  • r3.profile - Outputs the raster map layer values lying on user-defined line(s).
  • r3.to.group - Convert a 3D raster map to imagery group
  • r3.to.rast - Converts 3D raster maps to 2D raster maps
  • t.rast.accdetect - Detects accumulation patterns in temporally accumulated space time raster datasets created by t.rast.accumulate.
  • t.rast.accumulate - Computes cyclic accumulations of a space time raster dataset.
  • t.rast.aggregate - Aggregates temporally the maps of a space time raster dataset by a user defined granularity.
  • t.rast.aggregate.ds - Aggregates data of an existing space time raster dataset using the time intervals of a second space time dataset.
  • t.rast.algebra - Apply temporal and spatial operations on space time raster datasets using temporal raster algebra.
  • t.rast.boxplot - Draws the boxplot of the raster maps of a space-time raster dataset
  • t.rast.colors - Creates/modifies the color table associated with each raster map of the space time raster dataset.
  • t.rast.contour - Produces a space time vector dataset of specified contours from a space time raster dataset.
  • t.rast.export - Exports space time raster dataset.
  • t.rast.extract - Extracts a subset of a space time raster datasets.
  • t.rast.gapfill - Replaces gaps in a space time raster dataset with interpolated raster maps.
  • t.rast.import - Imports space time raster dataset.
  • t.rast.import.netcdf - Import netCDF files that adhere to the CF convention as STRDS.
  • t.rast.kappa - Calculate kappa parameter in a space time raster dataset
  • t.rast.line - Draws line plots of the raster maps in a space-time raster dataset
  • t.rast.list - Lists registered maps of a space time raster dataset.
  • t.rast.mapcalc - Performs spatio-temporal mapcalc expressions on temporally sampled maps of space time raster datasets.
  • t.rast.neighbors - Performs a neighborhood analysis for each map in a space time raster dataset.
  • t.rast.null - Manages NULL-values of a given space time raster dataset.
  • t.rast.out.vtk - Exports space time raster dataset as VTK time series.
  • t.rast.out.xyz - Export space time raster dataset to a CSV file.
  • t.rast.patch - Patches multiple space time raster maps into a single raster map using r.patch.
  • t.rast.series - Performs different aggregation algorithms from r.series on all or a subset of raster maps in a space time raster dataset.
  • t.rast.to.rast3 - Converts a space time raster dataset into a 3D raster map.
  • t.rast.to.vect - Converts a space time raster dataset into a space time vector dataset
  • t.rast.univar - Calculates univariate statistics from the non-null cells for each registered raster map of a space time raster dataset.
  • t.rast.what - Sample a space time raster dataset at specific vector point coordinates and write the output to stdout using different layouts
  • t.rast.what.aggr - Sample a space time raster dataset at specific vector point map returning aggregate values and write the output to stdout or to attribute table
  • t.rast.whatcsv - Sample a space time raster dataset at specific space-time point coordinates from a csv file and write the output to stdout
  • t.stac.item - Downloads and imports data from a STAC API server.
  • v.area.weigh - Rasterize vector areas using weights
  • v.habitat.dem - Calculates DEM derived characteristics of habitats.
  • v.krige - Performs ordinary or block kriging for vector maps.
  • v.neighbors - Makes each cell value a function of the attribute values assigned to the vector points or centroids in a radius around it, and stores new cell values in an output raster map.
  • v.rast.bufferstats - (null)
  • v.rast.move - Move vertices by distance specified in a raster
  • v.rast.stats - Calculates univariate statistics from a raster map based on a vector map and uploads statistics to new attribute columns.
  • v.sample - Samples a raster map at vector point locations.
  • v.surf.rst.cv - Performs cross-validation proceedure to optimize the parameterization of v.surf.rst tension and smoothing paramters.
  • v.tin.to.rast - Converts (rasterize) a TIN map into a raster map
  • v.to.rast - Converts (rasterize) a vector map into a raster map.
  • v.to.rast.multi - Create raster maps for multiple numeric attribute columns of a vector map
  • v.what.rast - Uploads raster values at positions of vector points to the table.
  • v.what.rast.label - Uploads raster values and labels to vector point layer
  • v.what.rast.multi - Uploads values of multiple rasters at positions of vector points to the table.
  • v.what.rast3 - Uploads 3D raster values at positions of vector points to the table.
  • wxpyimgview - Views BMP images from the PNG driver.
  • ximgview - View BMP images from the PNG driver.

raster3d

  • 3D visualization - wxGUI 3D View Mode
  • m.nviz.image - Renders surfaces (raster data), 2D/3D vector data, and volumes (3D raster data) in 3D.
  • m.nviz.script - Creates fly-through script to run in NVIZ.
  • r.to.rast3elev - Creates a 3D volume map based on 2D elevation and value raster maps.
  • r3.colors - Creates/modifies the color table associated with a 3D raster map.
  • r3.colors.out - Exports the color table associated with a 3D raster map.
  • r3.count.categories - Count categories in vertical direction
  • r3.cross.rast - Creates cross section 2D raster map from 3D raster map based on 2D elevation map
  • r3.flow - Computes 3D flow lines and 3D flow accumulation.
  • r3.forestfrag - Computes the forest fragmentation index (Riitters et al. 2000)
  • r3.gradient - Computes gradient of a 3D raster map and outputs gradient components as three 3D raster maps.
  • r3.gwflow - Numerical calculation program for transient, confined groundwater flow in three dimensions.
  • r3.in.ascii - Converts a 3D ASCII raster text file into a (binary) 3D raster map.
  • r3.in.bin - Imports a binary raster file into a GRASS 3D raster map.
  • r3.in.v5d - Import 3-dimensional Vis5D files.
  • r3.in.xyz - Create a 3D raster map from an assemblage of many coordinates using univariate statistics
  • r3.info - Outputs basic information about a user-specified 3D raster map layer.
  • r3.mask - Establishes the current working 3D raster mask.
  • r3.mkdspf - Creates a display file from an existing 3D raster map according to specified threshold levels.
  • r3.neighbors - Makes each voxel value a function of the values assigned to the voxels around it, and stores new voxel values in an output 3D raster map
  • r3.null - Explicitly create the 3D NULL-value bitmap file.
  • r3.out.ascii - Converts a 3D raster map layer into a ASCII text file.
  • r3.out.bin - Exports a GRASS 3D raster map to a binary array.
  • r3.out.netcdf - Export a 3D raster map as netCDF file.
  • r3.out.v5d - Exports GRASS 3D raster map to 3-dimensional Vis5D file.
  • r3.out.vtk - Converts 3D raster maps into the VTK-ASCII format.
  • r3.retile - Retiles an existing 3D raster map with user defined x, y and z tile size.
  • r3.scatterplot - Creates a scatter plot of two or more 3D raster maps as a vector map
  • r3.stats - Generates volume statistics for 3D raster maps.
  • r3.support - Allows creation and/or modification of 3D raster map layer support files.
  • r3.timestamp - Print/add/remove a timestamp for a 3D raster map.
  • r3.to.group - Convert a 3D raster map to imagery group
  • r3.to.rast - Converts 3D raster maps to 2D raster maps
  • r3.univar - Statistics include number of cells counted, minimum and maximum cell values, range, arithmetic mean, population variance, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and sum.
  • r3.what - Queries 3D raster in specified 2D or 3D coordinates.
  • t.rast.to.rast3 - Converts a space time raster dataset into a 3D raster map.
  • t.rast3d.algebra - Apply temporal and spatial operations on space time 3D raster datasets using temporal 3D raster algebra.
  • t.rast3d.extract - Extracts a subset of a space time 3D raster dataset.
  • t.rast3d.list - Lists registered maps of a space time raster3d dataset.
  • t.rast3d.mapcalc - Performs r3.mapcalc expressions on maps of sampled space time 3D raster datasets.
  • t.rast3d.univar - Calculates univariate statistics from the non-null cells for each registered 3D raster map of a space time 3D raster dataset.

rasterization

  • v.to.rast - Converts (rasterize) a vector map into a raster map.
  • v.to.rast.multi - Create raster maps for multiple numeric attribute columns of a vector map

rate of spread

  • r.ros - Generates three, or four raster map layers showing the base (perpendicular) rate of spread (ROS), the maximum (forward) ROS, the direction of the maximum ROS, and optionally the maximum potential spotting distance for fire spread simulation.

reclass

  • r.clump - Recategorizes data in a raster map by grouping cells that form physically discrete areas into unique categories.
  • r.neighborhoodmatrix - Calculates geometry parameters for raster objects.
  • r.object.geometry - Calculates geometry parameters for raster objects.

reclassification

  • r.mask.status - Provides information about the presence of a 2D raster mask as text output or return code
  • r.reclass - Creates a new raster map whose category values are based upon a reclassification of the categories in an existing raster map.
  • r.recode - Recodes categorical raster maps.
  • v.reclass - Changes vector category values for an existing vector map according to results of SQL queries or a value in attribute table column.

reclassify

  • v.to.rast.multi - Create raster maps for multiple numeric attribute columns of a vector map

recode

  • r.recode.attr - Recode raster based on the values in one or more columns in a csv file.

recode categories

rectify

  • i.rectify - Rectifies an image by computing a coordinate transformation for each pixel in the image based on the control points.
  • v.ply.rectify - Imports PLY points, georeferences and exports them.
  • v.rectify - Rectifies a vector by computing a coordinate transformation for each object in the vector based on the control points.

reflectance

  • i.albedo - Computes broad band albedo from surface reflectance.
  • i.aster.toar - Calculates Top of Atmosphere Radiance/Reflectance/Brightness Temperature from ASTER DN.
  • i.atcorr - 6S - Second Simulation of Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum.
  • i.feotio2 - Calculates the FeO or TiO2 contents from the Clementine project Moon data.
  • i.landsat.toar - Calculates top-of-atmosphere radiance or reflectance and temperature for Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+/OLI
  • i.modis.qc - Extracts quality control parameters from MODIS QC layers.
  • i.sentinel.mask - Creates clouds and shadows masks for Sentinel-2 images.

region growing

  • r.pi.grow - Size and suitability based region growing.

register

  • t.register - Assigns timestamps and registers raster, vector and raster3d maps in a space time dataset.

regression

  • i.svm.predict - Predict with a Support Vector Machine
  • r.gwr - Calculates geographically weighted regression from raster maps.
  • r.learn.ml - Supervised classification and regression of GRASS rasters using the python scikit-learn package
  • r.learn.predict - Apply a fitted scikit-learn estimator to rasters in a GRASS GIS imagery group.
  • r.learn.train - Supervised classification and regression of GRASS rasters using the python scikit-learn package.
  • r.pi.lm - Linear regression analysis for patches.
  • r.regression.multi - Calculates multiple linear regression from raster maps.
  • r.regression.series - Makes each output cell value a function of the values assigned to the corresponding cells in the input raster map layers.

relief

  • d.region.grid - Drapes a color raster over an shaded relief or aspect map.
  • d.shade - Drapes a color raster over an shaded relief or aspect map.
  • r.local.relief - Creates a local relief model from elevation map.
  • r.relief - (null)
  • r.shade - Drapes a color raster over an shaded relief or aspect map.

remove

  • g.remove - Removes data base element files from the user's current mapset using the search pattern.
  • i.signature.remove - Removes signature file in a group/subgroup.
  • t.remove - Removes space time datasets from temporal database.

rename

renewable energy

renyi entrophy

resample

  • r.area.createweight - Create a dasymetric weighting layer with Random Forest
  • r.resamp.bspline - Performs bilinear or bicubic spline interpolation with Tykhonov regularization.
  • r.resamp.filter - Resamples raster map layers using an analytic kernel.
  • r.resamp.interp - Resamples raster map to a finer grid using interpolation.
  • r.resamp.rst - Reinterpolates and optionally computes topographic analysis from input raster map to a new raster map (possibly with different resolution) using regularized spline with tension and smoothing.
  • r.resamp.stats - Resamples raster map layers to a coarser grid using aggregation.
  • r.resample - GRASS raster map layer data resampling capability.

rescale

  • r.rescale - Rescales the range of category values in a raster map layer.
  • r.rescale.eq - Rescales histogram equalized the range of category values in a raster map layer.

resolution

  • g.region - Manages the boundary definitions for the geographic region.
  • i.variance - Analyses variation of variance with variation of resolution
  • r.mblend - Blends two rasters of different spatial resolution.

rhumbline

  • d.rhumbline - Displays the rhumbline joining two longitude/latitude coordinates.

richness

ring

road

roads

  • v.civil - Generates a alignment for designing roads, channels, and ports in civil engineering

rock mass

  • r.droka - Calculates run-out distance of a falling rock mass
  • r.rock.stability - A tool for preliminary rock failure susceptibility mapping.

rockfall

  • r.droka - Calculates run-out distance of a falling rock mass
  • r.stone - The STONE rockfall module

rotation

  • i.rotate - Rotates the image around the centre of the computational window

roughness

  • r.roughness.vector - Calculates surface roughness in a moving-window, as the orientation of vectors normal to surface planes.

roughness length

  • i.eb.z0m - Computes momentum roughness length (z0m) and surface roughness for heat transport (z0h) after Bastiaanssen (2004).
  • i.eb.z0m0 - Computes momentum roughness length (z0m) and surface roughness for heat transport (z0h) after Bastiaanssen (2004).

rst

  • v.surf.rst.cv - Performs cross-validation proceedure to optimize the parameterization of v.surf.rst tension and smoothing paramters.

ruggedness

salesman

  • v.net.salesman - Note that TSP is NP-hard, heuristic algorithm is used by this module and created cycle may be sub optimal
  • v.net.salesman.opt - Note that TSP is NP-hard, heuristic algorithm is used by this module and created cycle may be suboptimal

sampling

  • d.where - Identifies the geographic coordinates associated with point locations given in display coordinates.
  • r.random - Creates a raster map and vector point map containing randomly located cells and points.
  • r.random.cells - Generates random cell values with spatial dependence.
  • r.random.weight - Generates a binary raster layer with a random selection of raster cells depending on the weight of each cell in the input weight layer.
  • r.sample.category - Create sampling points from each category in a raster map
  • t.rast.what - Sample a space time raster dataset at specific vector point coordinates and write the output to stdout using different layouts
  • t.rast.what.aggr - Sample a space time raster dataset at specific vector point map returning aggregate values and write the output to stdout or to attribute table
  • t.rast.whatcsv - Sample a space time raster dataset at specific space-time point coordinates from a csv file and write the output to stdout
  • t.sample - Samples the input space time dataset(s) with a sample space time dataset and print the result to stdout.
  • t.vect.observe.strds - Observes specific locations in a space time raster dataset over a period of time using vector points.
  • t.vect.what.strds - Stores raster map values at spatial and temporal positions of vector points as vector attributes.
  • v.drape - Converts 2D vector features to 3D by sampling of elevation raster map.
  • v.extrude - Optionally the height can be derived from sampling of elevation raster map.
  • v.kcv - Randomly partition points into test/train sets.
  • v.random - Generates random 2D/3D vector points.
  • v.rast.stats - Calculates univariate statistics from a raster map based on a vector map and uploads statistics to new attribute columns.
  • v.sample - Samples a raster map at vector point locations.
  • v.what.rast - Uploads raster values at positions of vector points to the table.
  • v.what.rast.label - Uploads raster values and labels to vector point layer
  • v.what.rast.multi - Uploads values of multiple rasters at positions of vector points to the table.
  • v.what.rast3 - Uploads 3D raster values at positions of vector points to the table.
  • v.what.strds - Uploads space time raster dataset values at positions of vector points to the table.
  • v.what.strds.timestamp - Uploads space time raster dataset values to the attribute table at positions of vector points in space and time.
  • v.what.vect - Uploads vector values at positions of vector points to the table.

sar

satellite

  • i.albedo - Computes broad band albedo from surface reflectance.
  • i.aster.toar - Calculates Top of Atmosphere Radiance/Reflectance/Brightness Temperature from ASTER DN.
  • i.atcorr - 6S - Second Simulation of Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum.
  • i.colors.enhance - Performs auto-balancing of colors for RGB images.
  • i.gabor - Creates Gabor filter bank for a 2-dimensional image
  • i.image.bathymetry - Estimates Satellite Derived Bathymetry (SDB) from multispectral images.
  • i.landsat.acca - Performs Landsat TM/ETM+ Automatic Cloud Cover Assessment (ACCA).
  • i.landsat.import - Imports Landsat satellite data downloaded using i.landsat.download.
  • i.landsat.toar - Calculates top-of-atmosphere radiance or reflectance and temperature for Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+/OLI
  • i.modis.qc - Extracts quality control parameters from MODIS QC layers.
  • i.sentinel.coverage - Checks the area coverage of Sentinel-1 or Sentinel-2 scenes selected by filters.
  • i.sentinel.download - Downloads Sentinel satellite data from Copernicus Open Access Hub, USGS Earth Explorer, or Google Cloud Storage.
  • i.sentinel.import - Imports Sentinel satellite data downloaded from Copernicus Open Access Hub using i.sentinel.download.
  • i.sentinel.mask - Creates clouds and shadows masks for Sentinel-2 images.
  • i.sentinel.parallel.download - Downloads Sentinel-2 images in parallel using i.sentinel.download.
  • i.sentinel.preproc - Imports and performs atmospheric correction of Sentinel-2 images.
  • i.zero2null - Replaces zero values with null at edges, otherwise replaces zero values with appropriate neighboring values.

scatter plot

  • r.scatterplot - Creates a scatter plot of two or more raster maps as a vector map
  • r3.scatterplot - Creates a scatter plot of two or more 3D raster maps as a vector map

scatterplot

scene

  • i.eodag - Downloads imagery scenes from various providers through the EODAG API.

scikit-learn

  • r.learn.ml - Supervised classification and regression of GRASS rasters using the python scikit-learn package
  • r.learn.predict - Apply a fitted scikit-learn estimator to rasters in a GRASS GIS imagery group.
  • r.learn.train - Supervised classification and regression of GRASS rasters using the python scikit-learn package.

scripts

  • Provides full parser support for GRASS scripts - Provides full parser support for GRASS scripts.
  • g.dirseps - Converts any directory separator characters in the input string to or from native host format, and writes the changed path to standard output. Useful in scripts for Windows compatibility.
  • g.filename - Prints GRASS data base file names.
  • g.findetc - Searches for GRASS support files.
  • g.findfile - Searches for GRASS data base files and sets variables for the shell.
  • g.gisenv - Prints all defined GRASS variables if no option is given.
  • g.message - This module should be used in scripts for messages served to user.
  • g.tempfile - Creates a temporary file and prints it's file name.

seaborn

  • g.list - Lists available GRASS data base files of the user-specified data type optionally using the search pattern.
  • g.search.modules - Search in GRASS modules using keywords
  • i.signature.list - Lists signature file of a group/subgroup.

search path

  • g.mapsets - Affects the user's access to data existing under the other mapsets in the current project.

sediment flow

  • r.sim.sediment - Sediment transport and erosion/deposition simulation using path sampling method (SIMWE).

segment

segmentation

  • i.sam2 - Integrates SAMGeo model with text prompt for segmentation in GRASS GIS.
  • i.segment - Identifies segments (objects) from imagery data.
  • i.segment.gsoc - Outputs a single segmented map (raster) based on input values in an image group.
  • i.segment.stats - Calculates statistics describing raster areas.
  • i.segment.uspo - Unsupervised segmentation parameter optimization
  • i.smap - Performs contextual image classification using sequential maximum a posteriori (SMAP) estimation.
  • i.superpixels.slic - Perform image segmentation using the SLIC segmentation method.
  • r.smooth.seg - Generates a piece-wise smooth approximation of the input raster and a discontinuity map.

select

  • t.vect.db.select - Prints attributes of vector maps registered in a space time vector dataset.
  • v.decimate - Copies points from one vector to another while applying different decimations
  • v.extract - Selects vector features from an existing vector map and creates a new vector map containing only the selected features.
  • v.outlier - Removes outliers from vector point data.

semantic label

  • i.band.library - Prints available semantic label information used for multispectral data.
  • r.semantic.label - Manages semantic label information assigned to a single raster map or to a list of raster maps.

sentinel

  • i.eodag - Downloads imagery scenes from various providers through the EODAG API.

separate

  • r.rgb - Splits a raster map into red, green and blue maps.

series

  • r.gdd - Makes each output cell value a function of the values assigned to the corresponding cells in the input raster map layers.
  • r.hants - Approximates a periodic time series and creates approximated output.
  • r.jpdf - From two series of input raster maps, calculates the joint probability function and outputs the probabilities of occurrence in the specified bins.
  • r.patch - Creates a composite raster map layer by using known category values from one (or more) map layer(s) to fill in areas of "no data" in another map layer.
  • r.quantile.ref - Determines quantile for input value from reference raster map layers.
  • r.regression.series - Makes each output cell value a function of the values assigned to the corresponding cells in the input raster map layers.
  • r.seasons - Extracts seasons from a time series.
  • r.series - Makes each output cell value a function of the values assigned to the corresponding cells in the input raster map layers.
  • r.series.accumulate - Makes each output cell value a accumulationfunction of the values assigned to the corresponding cells in the input raster map layers.
  • r.series.decompose - Calculates decomposition of time series X.
  • r.series.interp - Interpolates raster maps located (temporal or spatial) in between input raster maps at specific sampling positions.
  • r.series.lwr - Approximates a time series and creates approximated, gap-filled output.
  • t.rast.patch - Patches multiple space time raster maps into a single raster map using r.patch.
  • t.rast.series - Performs different aggregation algorithms from r.series on all or a subset of raster maps in a space time raster dataset.

settings

  • d.colorlist - Outputs a list of all available display colors.
  • d.font - Selects the font in which text will be displayed on the user's graphics monitor.
  • d.fontlist - Lists the available fonts.
  • g.gisenv - Prints all defined GRASS variables if no option is given.
  • g.mapset - Optionally create new mapset or list available mapsets in given project (location).
  • g.mapsets - Affects the user's access to data existing under the other mapsets in the current project.
  • g.region - Manages the boundary definitions for the geographic region.
  • t.connect - Prints/sets general temporal GIS database connection for current mapset.

shadow

  • i.sentinel.mask - Creates clouds and shadows masks for Sentinel-2 images.
  • r.sun - Computes direct (beam), diffuse and reflected solar irradiation raster maps for given day, latitude, surface and atmospheric conditions. Solar parameters (e.g. sunrise, sunset times, declination, extraterrestrial irradiance, daylight length) are saved in the map history file. Alternatively, a local time can be specified to compute solar incidence angle and/or irradiance raster maps. The shadowing effect of the topography is optionally incorporated.
  • r.sunmask - Either exact sun position (A) is specified, or date/time to calculate the sun position (B) by r.sunmask itself.

shannon

shape

sharpen

  • i.pansharpen - Image fusion algorithms to sharpen multispectral with high-res panchromatic channels
  • r.fusion - image fusion, generalized pan-sharpening

sharpening

  • i.fusion.hpf - Fusing high resolution panchromatic and low resolution multi-spectral data based on the High-Pass Filter Addition technique (Gangkofner, 2008).

shift

  • t.shift - Shifts temporally the maps of a space time dataset.

shortest path

  • d.geodesic - Displays a geodesic line, tracing the shortest distance between two geographic points along a great circle, in a longitude/latitude data set.
  • d.path - Finds shortest path for selected starting and ending node.
  • v.net.allpairs - Computes the shortest path between all pairs of nodes in the network.
  • v.net.distance - Finds the shortest paths from each 'from' point to the nearest 'to' feature and various information about this relation are uploaded to the attribute table.
  • v.net.path - Finds shortest path on vector network.
  • v.net.timetable - Finds shortest path using timetables.
  • v.net.visibility - Performs visibility graph construction.

shrink

  • v.buffer - Creates a buffer around vector features of given type.

sides

  • v.to.db - Populates attribute values from vector features.

signature

signatures

  • i.cluster - The resulting signature file is used as input for i.maxlik, to generate an unsupervised image classification.
  • i.gensig - Generates statistics for i.maxlik from raster map.
  • i.gensigset - Generates statistics for i.smap from raster map.
  • i.signatures - Manage imagery classification signature files

similarity

  • r.exdet - Quantification of novel uni- and multi-variate environments
  • r.meb - Compute the multivariate environmental bias (MEB)
  • r.mess - Computes multivariate environmental similarity surface (MES)

simple

simplification

simpson

simulation

  • r.pops.spread - A dynamic species distribution model for pest or pathogen spread in forest or agricultural ecosystems (PoPS)

sinc

sink

  • r.fill.dir - Filters and generates a depressionless elevation map and a flow direction map from a given elevation raster map.
  • r.terraflow - Performs flow computation for massive grids.

sinuous

  • v.to.db - Populates attribute values from vector features.

size

  • r.object.thickness - Evaluates minimum, maximum and mean thickness of objects of a given category on a raster map.

skeleton

  • v.voronoi - Creates a Voronoi diagram constrained to the extents of the current region from an input vector map containing points or centroids.

skyline

  • r.skyline - Compute the skyline index and / or find the horizon cells in a raster viewshed.

slope

slopeunits

smoothing

  • r.smooth.seg - Generates a piece-wise smooth approximation of the input raster and a discontinuity map.
  • v.generalize - Performs vector based generalization.

snapping

  • t.snap - Snaps temporally the maps of a space time dataset.
  • v.clean - Toolset for cleaning topology of vector map.
  • v.clean.ogr - Imports vector data into a GRASS vector map, cleans the data topologically, and exports them again using OGR library.
  • v.in.ogr - Imports vector data into a GRASS vector map using OGR library.

soil

  • r.sim.sediment - Sediment transport and erosion/deposition simulation using path sampling method (SIMWE).
  • r.sim.water - Overland flow hydrologic simulation using path sampling method (SIMWE).
  • r.sim.water.mp - Overland flow hydrologic simulation using path sampling method (SIMWE).
  • r.soils.texture - Define soil texture from sand and clay grid.
  • r.uslek - Computes USLE Soil Erodibility Factor (K).
  • r.usler - Computes USLE R factor, Rainfall erosivity index.

soil heat flux

soil moisture

solar

  • r.sun - Computes direct (beam), diffuse and reflected solar irradiation raster maps for given day, latitude, surface and atmospheric conditions. Solar parameters (e.g. sunrise, sunset times, declination, extraterrestrial irradiance, daylight length) are saved in the map history file. Alternatively, a local time can be specified to compute solar incidence angle and/or irradiance raster maps. The shadowing effect of the topography is optionally incorporated.
  • r.sun.daily - Runs r.sun for multiple days in loop (mode 2)
  • r.sun.hourly - Runs r.sun in loop for given time range within one day (mode 1 or 2)
  • r.sunmask - Either exact sun position (A) is specified, or date/time to calculate the sun position (B) by r.sunmask itself.

solute transport

  • r.solute.transport - Numerical calculation program for transient, confined and unconfined solute transport in two dimensions

spanning tree

spatial autocorrelation

spatial query

  • i.sentinel.coverage - Checks the area coverage of Sentinel-1 or Sentinel-2 scenes selected by filters.
  • v.overlay - Overlays two vector maps offering clip, intersection, difference, symmetrical difference, union operators.
  • v.select - Selects features from vector map (A) by features from other vector map (B).

speckle

spectral angle mapping

  • i.spec.sam - Performs Spectral angle mapping on satellite/aerial images

spectral unmixing

  • i.pysptools.unmix - Extract endmembers from imagery group and perform spectral unmixing using pysptools
  • i.spec.unmix - Performs Spectral mixture analysis of satellite/aerial images

splines

  • r.fillnulls - Fills no-data areas in raster maps using spline interpolation.
  • r.resamp.bspline - Performs bilinear or bicubic spline interpolation with Tykhonov regularization.
  • r.resamp.rst - Reinterpolates and optionally computes topographic analysis from input raster map to a new raster map (possibly with different resolution) using regularized spline with tension and smoothing.
  • v.surf.rst - Spatial approximation and topographic analysis from given point or isoline data in vector format to floating point raster format using regularized spline with tension.

split

  • r.rgb - Splits a raster map into red, green and blue maps.

split window

  • i.landsat8.swlst - Practical split-window algorithm estimating Land Surface Temperature from Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS imagery (Du, Chen; Ren, Huazhong; Qin, Qiming; Meng, Jinjie; Zhao, Shaohua. 2015)

spread

  • r.pops.spread - A dynamic species distribution model for pest or pathogen spread in forest or agricultural ecosystems (PoPS)
  • r.ros - Generates three, or four raster map layers showing the base (perpendicular) rate of spread (ROS), the maximum (forward) ROS, the direction of the maximum ROS, and optionally the maximum potential spotting distance for fire spread simulation.
  • r.spread - Generates a raster map of the cumulative time of spread, given raster maps containing the rates of spread (ROS), the ROS directions and the spread origins. It optionally produces raster maps to contain backlink UTM coordinates for tracing spread paths. Usable for fire spread simulations.

statistics

  • d.correlate - Prints a graph of the correlation between raster maps (in pairs).
  • d.histogram - Displays a histogram in the form of a pie or bar chart for a user-specified raster map.
  • db.univar - Calculates univariate statistics on selected table column.
  • i.cca - Canonical components analysis (CCA) program for image processing.
  • i.oif - Calculates Optimum-Index-Factor table for spectral bands
  • i.segment.stats - Calculates statistics describing raster areas.
  • r.area - Calculates area of clumped areas and remove areas smaller or greater than given threshold.
  • r.area.createweight - Create a dasymetric weighting layer with Random Forest
  • r.cell.area - Calculate cell sizes within the computational region
  • r.change.info - Landscape change assessment
  • r.clump - Recategorizes data in a raster map by grouping cells that form physically discrete areas into unique categories.
  • r.coin - Tabulates the mutual occurrence (coincidence) of categories for two raster map layers.
  • r.confusionmatrix - Calculates a confusion matrix and accuracies for a given classification using r.kappa.
  • r.covar - Outputs a covariance/correlation matrix for user-specified raster map layer(s).
  • r.cross - Creates a cross product of the category values from multiple raster map layers.
  • r.futures.devpressure - Module for computing development pressure
  • r.futures.gridvalidation - Module for validating land change simulation on a grid
  • r.futures.potential - Module for computing development potential as input to r.futures.pga
  • r.futures.potsurface - Module for computing development potential surface from CSV file created by r.futures.potential and predictors
  • r.futures.validation - Module for land change simulation validation and accuracy assessment
  • r.gwr - Calculates geographically weighted regression from raster maps.
  • r.in.pdal - Creates a raster map from LAS LiDAR points using univariate statistics.
  • r.in.pdal - Creates a raster map from LAS LiDAR points using univariate statistics and r.in.xyz.
  • r.in.xyz - Creates a raster map from an assemblage of many coordinates using univariate statistics.
  • r.kappa - Calculates error matrix and kappa parameter for accuracy assessment of classification result.
  • r.mfilter - Performs raster map matrix filter.
  • r.mode - Finds the mode of values in a cover map within areas assigned the same category value in a user-specified base map.
  • r.neighborhoodmatrix - Calculates geometry parameters for raster objects.
  • r.neighbors - Makes each cell category value a function of the category values assigned to the cells around it, and stores new cell values in an output raster map layer.
  • r.object.geometry - Calculates geometry parameters for raster objects.
  • r.object.spatialautocor - Spatial autocorrelation of raster objects
  • r.quant - Produces the quantization file for a floating-point map.
  • r.quantile - Compute quantiles using two passes.
  • r.quantile.ref - Determines quantile for input value from reference raster map layers.
  • r.reclass.area - Reclasses a raster map greater or less than user specified area size (in hectares).
  • r.regression.multi - Calculates multiple linear regression from raster maps.
  • r.regression.series - Makes each output cell value a function of the values assigned to the corresponding cells in the input raster map layers.
  • r.report - Reports statistics for raster maps.
  • r.scatterplot - Creates a scatter plot of two or more raster maps as a vector map
  • r.series.boxplot - Draws the boxplot of raster values of a series of input rasters.
  • r.series.decompose - Calculates decomposition of time series X.
  • r.series.filter - Performs filtering of raster time series X (in time domain).
  • r.statistics - Calculates category or object oriented statistics.
  • r.stats - Generates area statistics for raster map.
  • r.stats.quantile - Compute category quantiles using two passes.
  • r.stats.zonal - Calculates category or object oriented statistics (accumulator-based statistics).
  • r.support.stats - Update raster map statistics
  • r.surf.area - Prints estimation of surface area for raster map.
  • r.texture - Generate images with textural features from a raster map.
  • r.univar - Statistics include number of cells counted, minimum and maximum cell values, range, arithmetic mean, population variance, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and sum.
  • r.univar2 - Calculates univariate statistics from the non-null cells of a raster map.
  • r.zonal.classes - Calculates zonal classes proportion describing raster areas's composition, e.g., in terms of land-cover classes.
  • r3.in.xyz - Create a 3D raster map from an assemblage of many coordinates using univariate statistics
  • r3.neighbors - Makes each voxel value a function of the values assigned to the voxels around it, and stores new voxel values in an output 3D raster map
  • r3.scatterplot - Creates a scatter plot of two or more 3D raster maps as a vector map
  • r3.stats - Generates volume statistics for 3D raster maps.
  • r3.univar - Statistics include number of cells counted, minimum and maximum cell values, range, arithmetic mean, population variance, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and sum.
  • t.rast.boxplot - Draws the boxplot of the raster maps of a space-time raster dataset
  • t.rast.kappa - Calculate kappa parameter in a space time raster dataset
  • t.rast.line - Draws line plots of the raster maps in a space-time raster dataset
  • t.rast.univar - Calculates univariate statistics from the non-null cells for each registered raster map of a space time raster dataset.
  • t.rast3d.univar - Calculates univariate statistics from the non-null cells for each registered 3D raster map of a space time 3D raster dataset.
  • t.vect.univar - Calculates univariate statistics of attributes for each registered vector map of a space time vector dataset
  • v.class - Classifies attribute data, e.g. for thematic mapping
  • v.db.univar - Calculates univariate statistics on selected table column for a GRASS vector map.
  • v.habitat.dem - Calculates DEM derived characteristics of habitats.
  • v.kcv - Randomly partition points into test/train sets.
  • v.neighbors - Makes each cell value a function of the attribute values assigned to the vector points or centroids in a radius around it, and stores new cell values in an output raster map.
  • v.normal - Tests for normality for vector points.
  • v.outlier - Removes outliers from vector point data.
  • v.perturb - Random location perturbations of vector points.
  • v.qcount - Indices for quadrat counts of vector point lists.
  • v.random - Generates random 2D/3D vector points.
  • v.rast.bufferstats - (null)
  • v.rast.stats - Calculates univariate statistics from a raster map based on a vector map and uploads statistics to new attribute columns.
  • v.report - Reports geometry statistics for vector maps.
  • v.stats - Calculates vector statistics
  • v.strds.stats - Calculates univariate statistics from given space-time raster datasets based on a vector map
  • v.univar - Variance and standard deviation is calculated only for points if specified.
  • v.vect.stats.multi - Computes isochrones from collection point in a sewershed

steiner tree

  • v.net.steiner - Note that 'Minimum Steiner Tree' problem is NP-hard and heuristic algorithm is used in this module so the result may be sub optimal.

stone

stratified random sampling

stream

  • r.slope.direction - Calculates slope following a direction raster.
  • r.stream.variables - Calculation of contiguous stream-specific variables that account for the upstream environment (based on r.stream.watersheds).
  • r.stream.watersheds - Sub-watershed and sub-stream delineation based on the drainage direction and a gridded stream network.

stream divide

  • r.stream.segment - Divides network into near straight-line segments and calculate its order.

stream local parameters

stream network

  • r.accumulate - Calculates weighted flow accumulation, subwatersheds, stream networks, and longest flow paths using a flow direction map.
  • r.gsflow.hydrodem - Creates hydrologically correct MODFLOW DEM from higher-res DEM
  • r.stream.basins - Input can be stream network, vector point map with outlets or outlet coordinates.
  • r.stream.channel - Calculates local parameters for individual streams.
  • r.stream.distance - The module can work in stream mode where target are streams and outlets mode where targets are outlets.
  • r.stream.extract - Performs stream network extraction.
  • r.stream.order - Basic module for topological analysis of drainage network.
  • r.stream.segment - Divides network into near straight-line segments and calculate its order.
  • r.stream.slope - Calculates local parameters for slope subsystem.
  • r.stream.snap - Input can be stream network, point vector map with outlets or outlet coordinates.
  • r.stream.stats - Calculates Horton's statistics for Strahler and Horton ordered networks created with r.stream.order.
  • r.watershed - Calculates hydrological parameters and RUSLE factors.
  • v.gsflow.export - Export databse tables and pour point for GSFLOW input and control files
  • v.gsflow.gravres - Set parameters for GSFLOW Hydrologic Response Units (HRUs)
  • v.gsflow.grid - Builds grid for the MODFLOW component of GSFLOW
  • v.gsflow.hruparams - Set parameters for GSFLOW Hydrologic Response Units (HRUs)
  • v.gsflow.reaches - Build stream "reaches" that link PRMS segments to MODFLOW cells
  • v.gsflow.segments - Prepares stream segments for PRMS and GSFLOW
  • v.stream.inbasin - Subset a stream network into just one of its basins
  • v.stream.order - Compute the stream order of stream networks stored in a vector map at specific outlet vector points

stream order

  • r.stream.order - Basic module for topological analysis of drainage network.
  • v.stream.order - Compute the stream order of stream networks stored in a vector map at specific outlet vector points

stream power index

  • r.watershed - Calculates hydrological parameters and RUSLE factors.

street

study area

subwatershed

  • r.accumulate - Calculates weighted flow accumulation, subwatersheds, stream networks, and longest flow paths using a flow direction map.

sun

sun energy

  • r.sun - Computes direct (beam), diffuse and reflected solar irradiation raster maps for given day, latitude, surface and atmospheric conditions. Solar parameters (e.g. sunrise, sunset times, declination, extraterrestrial irradiance, daylight length) are saved in the map history file. Alternatively, a local time can be specified to compute solar incidence angle and/or irradiance raster maps. The shadowing effect of the topography is optionally incorporated.
  • r.sun.daily - Runs r.sun for multiple days in loop (mode 2)
  • r.sun.hourly - Runs r.sun in loop for given time range within one day (mode 1 or 2)

sun position

  • r.sunmask - Either exact sun position (A) is specified, or date/time to calculate the sun position (B) by r.sunmask itself.

superpixels

supervised

  • v.class.mlpy - Vector supervised classification tool which uses attributes as classification parametres (order of columns matters, names not), cat column identifies feature, class_column is excluded from classification parametres.

supervised classification

support

surface

  • r.contour - Produces a vector map of specified contours from a raster map.
  • r.fill.stats - Rapidly fills 'no data' cells (NULLs) of a raster map with interpolated values (IDW).
  • r.fillnulls - Fills no-data areas in raster maps using spline interpolation.
  • r.random.surface - Generates random surface(s) with spatial dependence.
  • r.random.walk - Performs a 2D random walk inside the computational region and returns the resulting walk.
  • r.resamp.bspline - Performs bilinear or bicubic spline interpolation with Tykhonov regularization.
  • r.resamp.tps - Performs thin plate spline interpolation with regularization and covariables.
  • r.surf.area - Prints estimation of surface area for raster map.
  • r.surf.contour - Generates surface raster map from rasterized contours.
  • r.surf.fractal - Creates a fractal surface of a given fractal dimension.
  • r.surf.gauss - Mean and standard deviation of gaussian deviates can be expressed by the user.
  • r.surf.idw - Provides surface interpolation from raster point data by Inverse Distance Squared Weighting.
  • r.surf.idw2 - Provides surface interpolation from raster point data by Inverse Distance Squared Weighting.
  • r.surf.nnbathy - Interpolates a raster map using the nnbathy natural neighbor interpolation program.
  • r.surf.random - Produces a raster surface map of uniform random deviates with defined range.
  • r.tpi - Calculates the multiscale topographic position index
  • r.tri - Computes the Terrain Ruggedness Index.
  • r.vector.ruggedness - Vector Ruggedness Measure
  • v.surf.bspline - Performs bicubic or bilinear spline interpolation with Tykhonov regularization.
  • v.surf.icw - IDW interpolation, but distance is cost to get to any other site.
  • v.surf.idw - Provides surface interpolation from vector point data by Inverse Distance Squared Weighting.
  • v.surf.mass - Performs mass-preserving area interpolation.
  • v.surf.nnbathy - Interpolates a raster map using the nnbathy natural neighbor interpolation program.
  • v.surf.rst - Spatial approximation and topographic analysis from given point or isoline data in vector format to floating point raster format using regularized spline with tension.
  • v.surf.rst.cv - Performs cross-validation proceedure to optimize the parameterization of v.surf.rst tension and smoothing paramters.
  • v.surf.tps - Performs thin plate spline interpolation with regularization and covariables.
  • v.vol.rst - Interpolates point data to a 3D raster map using regularized spline with tension (RST) algorithm.

surface information

  • v.drape - Converts 2D vector features to 3D by sampling of elevation raster map.
  • v.what.rast - Uploads raster values at positions of vector points to the table.
  • v.what.rast.label - Uploads raster values and labels to vector point layer
  • v.what.rast.multi - Uploads values of multiple rasters at positions of vector points to the table.
  • v.what.rast3 - Uploads 3D raster values at positions of vector points to the table.

survey

  • r.survey - Returns maps of visibility indexes from multiple survey points

svm

temporal

  • g.gui.timeline - wxGUI Timeline Tool
  • g.gui.tplot - wxGUI Temporal Plot Tool
  • m.crawl.thredds - List dataset urls from a Thredds Data Server (TDS) catalog.
  • t.connect - Prints/sets general temporal GIS database connection for current mapset.
  • t.copy - Creates a copy of a space time raster dataset.
  • t.create - Creates a space time dataset.
  • t.info - Lists information about space time datasets and maps.
  • t.info.iso - Lists information about space time datasets and maps.
  • t.list - Lists space time datasets and maps registered in the temporal database.
  • t.merge - Merges several space time datasets into a single space time dataset.
  • t.rast.accdetect - Detects accumulation patterns in temporally accumulated space time raster datasets created by t.rast.accumulate.
  • t.rast.accumulate - Computes cyclic accumulations of a space time raster dataset.
  • t.rast.aggregate - Aggregates temporally the maps of a space time raster dataset by a user defined granularity.
  • t.rast.aggregate.ds - Aggregates data of an existing space time raster dataset using the time intervals of a second space time dataset.
  • t.rast.algebra - Apply temporal and spatial operations on space time raster datasets using temporal raster algebra.
  • t.rast.colors - Creates/modifies the color table associated with each raster map of the space time raster dataset.
  • t.rast.contour - Produces a space time vector dataset of specified contours from a space time raster dataset.
  • t.rast.export - Exports space time raster dataset.
  • t.rast.extract - Extracts a subset of a space time raster datasets.
  • t.rast.gapfill - Replaces gaps in a space time raster dataset with interpolated raster maps.
  • t.rast.import - Imports space time raster dataset.
  • t.rast.import.netcdf - Import netCDF files that adhere to the CF convention as STRDS.
  • t.rast.kappa - Calculate kappa parameter in a space time raster dataset
  • t.rast.line - Draws line plots of the raster maps in a space-time raster dataset
  • t.rast.list - Lists registered maps of a space time raster dataset.
  • t.rast.mapcalc - Performs spatio-temporal mapcalc expressions on temporally sampled maps of space time raster datasets.
  • t.rast.neighbors - Performs a neighborhood analysis for each map in a space time raster dataset.
  • t.rast.null - Manages NULL-values of a given space time raster dataset.
  • t.rast.out.vtk - Exports space time raster dataset as VTK time series.
  • t.rast.out.xyz - Export space time raster dataset to a CSV file.
  • t.rast.patch - Patches multiple space time raster maps into a single raster map using r.patch.
  • t.rast.series - Performs different aggregation algorithms from r.series on all or a subset of raster maps in a space time raster dataset.
  • t.rast.to.rast3 - Converts a space time raster dataset into a 3D raster map.
  • t.rast.to.vect - Converts a space time raster dataset into a space time vector dataset
  • t.rast.univar - Calculates univariate statistics from the non-null cells for each registered raster map of a space time raster dataset.
  • t.rast.what - Sample a space time raster dataset at specific vector point coordinates and write the output to stdout using different layouts
  • t.rast.what.aggr - Sample a space time raster dataset at specific vector point map returning aggregate values and write the output to stdout or to attribute table
  • t.rast.whatcsv - Sample a space time raster dataset at specific space-time point coordinates from a csv file and write the output to stdout
  • t.rast3d.algebra - Apply temporal and spatial operations on space time 3D raster datasets using temporal 3D raster algebra.
  • t.rast3d.extract - Extracts a subset of a space time 3D raster dataset.
  • t.rast3d.list - Lists registered maps of a space time raster3d dataset.
  • t.rast3d.mapcalc - Performs r3.mapcalc expressions on maps of sampled space time 3D raster datasets.
  • t.rast3d.univar - Calculates univariate statistics from the non-null cells for each registered 3D raster map of a space time 3D raster dataset.
  • t.register - Assigns timestamps and registers raster, vector and raster3d maps in a space time dataset.
  • t.remove - Removes space time datasets from temporal database.
  • t.rename - Renames a space time dataset
  • t.sample - Samples the input space time dataset(s) with a sample space time dataset and print the result to stdout.
  • t.select - Select maps from space time datasets by topological relationships to other space time datasets using temporal algebra.
  • t.shift - Shifts temporally the maps of a space time dataset.
  • t.snap - Snaps temporally the maps of a space time dataset.
  • t.stac.catalog - Get STAC API Catalog metadata
  • t.stac.collection - Get STAC API collection metadata
  • t.stac.item - Downloads and imports data from a STAC API server.
  • t.support - Modifies the metadata of a space time dataset.
  • t.topology - Lists temporal topology of a space time dataset.
  • t.unregister - Unregisters raster, vector and raster3d maps from the temporal database or a specific space time dataset.
  • t.upgrade - Upgrades the version of the temporal database.
  • t.vect.algebra - Apply temporal and spatial operations on space time vector datasets using temporal vector algebra.
  • t.vect.db.select - Prints attributes of vector maps registered in a space time vector dataset.
  • t.vect.export - Exports a space time vector dataset as GRASS GIS specific archive file.
  • t.vect.extract - Extracts a subset of a space time vector dataset.
  • t.vect.import - Imports a space time vector dataset from a GRASS GIS specific archive file.
  • t.vect.list - Lists registered maps of a space time vector dataset.
  • t.vect.observe.strds - Observes specific locations in a space time raster dataset over a period of time using vector points.
  • t.vect.univar - Calculates univariate statistics of attributes for each registered vector map of a space time vector dataset
  • t.vect.what.strds - Stores raster map values at spatial and temporal positions of vector points as vector attributes.
  • v.strds.stats - Calculates univariate statistics from given space-time raster datasets based on a vector map
  • v.what.strds - Uploads space time raster dataset values at positions of vector points to the table.
  • v.what.strds.timestamp - Uploads space time raster dataset values to the attribute table at positions of vector points in space and time.

terrain

terrain patterns

  • r.geomorphon - Calculates geomorphons (terrain forms) and associated geometry using machine vision approach.

texture

thematic

  • d.vect.thematic2 - Displays thematic map created from vector features and numeric attributes.

thredds

threshold

tiling

time

  • r.timestamp - Print/add/remove a timestamp for a raster map.
  • r3.timestamp - Print/add/remove a timestamp for a 3D raster map.
  • t.copy - Creates a copy of a space time raster dataset.
  • t.create - Creates a space time dataset.
  • t.info - Lists information about space time datasets and maps.
  • t.list - Lists space time datasets and maps registered in the temporal database.
  • t.merge - Merges several space time datasets into a single space time dataset.
  • t.rast.accdetect - Detects accumulation patterns in temporally accumulated space time raster datasets created by t.rast.accumulate.
  • t.rast.accumulate - Computes cyclic accumulations of a space time raster dataset.
  • t.rast.aggregate - Aggregates temporally the maps of a space time raster dataset by a user defined granularity.
  • t.rast.aggregate.ds - Aggregates data of an existing space time raster dataset using the time intervals of a second space time dataset.
  • t.rast.algebra - Apply temporal and spatial operations on space time raster datasets using temporal raster algebra.
  • t.rast.colors - Creates/modifies the color table associated with each raster map of the space time raster dataset.
  • t.rast.contour - Produces a space time vector dataset of specified contours from a space time raster dataset.
  • t.rast.export - Exports space time raster dataset.
  • t.rast.extract - Extracts a subset of a space time raster datasets.
  • t.rast.gapfill - Replaces gaps in a space time raster dataset with interpolated raster maps.
  • t.rast.import - Imports space time raster dataset.
  • t.rast.import.netcdf - Import netCDF files that adhere to the CF convention as STRDS.
  • t.rast.list - Lists registered maps of a space time raster dataset.
  • t.rast.mapcalc - Performs spatio-temporal mapcalc expressions on temporally sampled maps of space time raster datasets.
  • t.rast.neighbors - Performs a neighborhood analysis for each map in a space time raster dataset.
  • t.rast.out.vtk - Exports space time raster dataset as VTK time series.
  • t.rast.patch - Patches multiple space time raster maps into a single raster map using r.patch.
  • t.rast.series - Performs different aggregation algorithms from r.series on all or a subset of raster maps in a space time raster dataset.
  • t.rast.to.rast3 - Converts a space time raster dataset into a 3D raster map.
  • t.rast.to.vect - Converts a space time raster dataset into a space time vector dataset
  • t.rast.univar - Calculates univariate statistics from the non-null cells for each registered raster map of a space time raster dataset.
  • t.rast.what - Sample a space time raster dataset at specific vector point coordinates and write the output to stdout using different layouts
  • t.rast.what.aggr - Sample a space time raster dataset at specific vector point map returning aggregate values and write the output to stdout or to attribute table
  • t.rast.whatcsv - Sample a space time raster dataset at specific space-time point coordinates from a csv file and write the output to stdout
  • t.rast3d.algebra - Apply temporal and spatial operations on space time 3D raster datasets using temporal 3D raster algebra.
  • t.rast3d.extract - Extracts a subset of a space time 3D raster dataset.
  • t.rast3d.list - Lists registered maps of a space time raster3d dataset.
  • t.rast3d.mapcalc - Performs r3.mapcalc expressions on maps of sampled space time 3D raster datasets.
  • t.rast3d.univar - Calculates univariate statistics from the non-null cells for each registered 3D raster map of a space time 3D raster dataset.
  • t.register - Assigns timestamps and registers raster, vector and raster3d maps in a space time dataset.
  • t.remove - Removes space time datasets from temporal database.
  • t.rename - Renames a space time dataset
  • t.sample - Samples the input space time dataset(s) with a sample space time dataset and print the result to stdout.
  • t.select - Select maps from space time datasets by topological relationships to other space time datasets using temporal algebra.
  • t.shift - Shifts temporally the maps of a space time dataset.
  • t.snap - Snaps temporally the maps of a space time dataset.
  • t.support - Modifies the metadata of a space time dataset.
  • t.topology - Lists temporal topology of a space time dataset.
  • t.unregister - Unregisters raster, vector and raster3d maps from the temporal database or a specific space time dataset.
  • t.upgrade - Upgrades the version of the temporal database.
  • t.vect.algebra - Apply temporal and spatial operations on space time vector datasets using temporal vector algebra.
  • t.vect.db.select - Prints attributes of vector maps registered in a space time vector dataset.
  • t.vect.export - Exports a space time vector dataset as GRASS GIS specific archive file.
  • t.vect.extract - Extracts a subset of a space time vector dataset.
  • t.vect.import - Imports a space time vector dataset from a GRASS GIS specific archive file.
  • t.vect.list - Lists registered maps of a space time vector dataset.
  • t.vect.observe.strds - Observes specific locations in a space time raster dataset over a period of time using vector points.
  • t.vect.univar - Calculates univariate statistics of attributes for each registered vector map of a space time vector dataset
  • t.vect.what.strds - Stores raster map values at spatial and temporal positions of vector points as vector attributes.
  • v.strds.stats - Calculates univariate statistics from given space-time raster datasets based on a vector map
  • v.timestamp - Print/add/remove a timestamp for a vector map.
  • v.what.strds - Uploads space time raster dataset values at positions of vector points to the table.
  • v.what.strds.timestamp - Uploads space time raster dataset values to the attribute table at positions of vector points in space and time.

time management

  • t.merge - Merges several space time datasets into a single space time dataset.
  • t.shift - Shifts temporally the maps of a space time dataset.
  • t.snap - Snaps temporally the maps of a space time dataset.

time series

timestamp

  • r.timestamp - Print/add/remove a timestamp for a raster map.
  • r3.timestamp - Print/add/remove a timestamp for a 3D raster map.
  • v.timestamp - Print/add/remove a timestamp for a vector map.
  • v.what.strds.timestamp - Uploads space time raster dataset values to the attribute table at positions of vector points in space and time.

topographic correction

topographic index

  • r.topidx - Creates a topographic index (wetness index) raster map from an elevation raster map.
  • r.watershed - Calculates hydrological parameters and RUSLE factors.

topography

  • r.tpi - Calculates the multiscale topographic position index

topology

  • t.topology - Lists temporal topology of a space time dataset.
  • v.build - Optionally also checks for topological errors.
  • v.build.all - Rebuilds topology on all vector maps in the current mapset.
  • v.build.pg - Builds PostGIS topology for vector map linked via v.external.
  • v.build.polylines - Builds polylines from lines or boundaries.
  • v.clean - Toolset for cleaning topology of vector map.
  • v.clean.ogr - Imports vector data into a GRASS vector map, cleans the data topologically, and exports them again using OGR library.
  • v.generalize - Performs vector based generalization.
  • v.in.ogr - Imports vector data into a GRASS vector map using OGR library.
  • v.info - Outputs basic information about a vector map.

toppling

trac

trail

training

  • i.svm.train - Train a Support Vector Machine
  • r.learn.train - Supervised classification and regression of GRASS rasters using the python scikit-learn package.

transect

  • r.profile - Outputs the raster map layer values lying on user-defined line(s).
  • r.transect - Outputs raster map layer values lying along user defined transect line(s).
  • v.profile - Vector map profiling tool
  • v.profile.points - Creates a profile (transect) from points
  • v.transects - Creates transect lines or quadrilateral areas at regular intervals perpendicular to a polyline.

transformation

  • g.proj.all - Reprojects raster and vector maps from given location and mapset to current mapset.
  • i.cva - Performs Change Vector Analysis (CVA) in two dimensions.
  • i.fft - Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) for image processing.
  • i.ifft - Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) for image processing.
  • i.ortho.transform - Computes a coordinate transformation based on the control points.
  • i.pca - Principal components analysis (PCA) for image processing.
  • i.tasscap - Performs Tasseled Cap (Kauth Thomas) transformation.
  • m.gcp.filter - Filter Ground Control Points (GCPs).
  • m.proj - Converts coordinates from one projection to another (cs2cs frontend).
  • m.transform - Computes a coordinate transformation based on the control points.
  • r.proj - Re-projects a raster map from given project to the current project.
  • v.in.csv - (null)
  • v.proj - Re-projects a vector map from one project to the current project.
  • v.rast.move - Move vertices by distance specified in a raster
  • v.transform - Performs an affine transformation (shift, scale and rotate) on vector map.

transparency

  • r.out.kde - Exports raster with variable transparency into an image file

triangulation

  • v.delaunay - Creates a Delaunay triangulation from an input vector map containing points or centroids.
  • v.voronoi - Creates a Voronoi diagram constrained to the extents of the current region from an input vector map containing points or centroids.

trim

  • r.clip - Extracts portion of the input raster map which is in the current computational region

type casting

  • v.db.update - Updates a column in the attribute table connected to a vector map.

union

  • v.overlay - Overlays two vector maps offering clip, intersection, difference, symmetrical difference, union operators.

univariate statistics

  • r.resamp.stats - Resamples raster map layers to a coarser grid using aggregation.
  • r.univar - Statistics include number of cells counted, minimum and maximum cell values, range, arithmetic mean, population variance, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and sum.
  • r.univar2 - Calculates univariate statistics from the non-null cells of a raster map.
  • r3.univar - Statistics include number of cells counted, minimum and maximum cell values, range, arithmetic mean, population variance, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and sum.
  • v.rast.stats - Calculates univariate statistics from a raster map based on a vector map and uploads statistics to new attribute columns.
  • v.strds.stats - Calculates univariate statistics from given space-time raster datasets based on a vector map
  • v.univar - Variance and standard deviation is calculated only for points if specified.
  • v.vect.stats - Count points in areas, calculate statistics from point attributes.
  • v.vect.stats.multi - Computes isochrones from collection point in a sewershed

unregister

  • t.unregister - Unregisters raster, vector and raster3d maps from the temporal database or a specific space time dataset.

urban

  • r.futures.parallelpga - Module uses Patch-Growing Algorithm (PGA) to simulate urban-rural landscape structure development.
  • r.futures.pga - Module uses Patch-Growing Algorithm (PGA) to simulate urban-rural landscape structure development.
  • r.futures.simulation - Simulates landuse change using FUTure Urban-Regional Environment Simulation (FUTURES).

user interface

  • g.gui - Optionally updates default user interface settings.

validation

variables

  • g.gisenv - Prints all defined GRASS variables if no option is given.

variance

  • i.segment.uspo - Unsupervised segmentation parameter optimization
  • i.variance - Analyses variation of variance with variation of resolution

variance inflation factor

  • r.vif - To calculate the stepwise variance inflation factor.

vector

  • 3D visualization - wxGUI 3D View Mode
  • Network analysis - wxGUI Vector Network Analysis Tool
  • d.legend.vect - Displays a vector legend in the active graphics frame.
  • d.vect - Displays user-specified vector map in the active graphics frame.
  • d.vect.thematic2 - Displays thematic map created from vector features and numeric attributes.
  • d.what.rast - Allows the user to interactively query raster map layers at user-selected locations.
  • d.what.vect - Allows the user to interactively query vector map layers at user-selected locations.
  • g.gui.vdigit - wxGUI Vector Digitizer
  • i.ann.maskrcnn.detect - Detect features in images using a Mask R-CNN model
  • i.ann.maskrcnn.train - Train your Mask R-CNN network
  • m.nviz.image - Renders surfaces (raster data), 2D/3D vector data, and volumes (3D raster data) in 3D.
  • m.nviz.script - Creates fly-through script to run in NVIZ.
  • r.centroids - Creates vector map of centroids from raster of "clumps".
  • r.connectivity.corridors - Compute corridors between habitat patches of an input-layer based on (cost) distance raster maps
  • r.connectivity.distance - Compute cost-distances between patches of an input vector map
  • r.connectivity.network - Compute connectivity measures for a set of habitat patches based on graph-theory
  • r.contour - Produces a vector map of specified contours from a raster map.
  • r.green.hydro.closest - Move points to the closest vector map
  • r.gsflow.hydrodem - Creates hydrologically correct MODFLOW DEM from higher-res DEM
  • r.random - Creates a raster map and vector point map containing randomly located cells and points.
  • r.sample.category - Create sampling points from each category in a raster map
  • r.scatterplot - Creates a scatter plot of two or more raster maps as a vector map
  • r.surf.nnbathy - Interpolates a raster map using the nnbathy natural neighbor interpolation program.
  • r.vect.stats - Bins vector points into a raster map.
  • r3.scatterplot - Creates a scatter plot of two or more 3D raster maps as a vector map
  • t.rast.contour - Produces a space time vector dataset of specified contours from a space time raster dataset.
  • t.rast.to.vect - Converts a space time raster dataset into a space time vector dataset
  • t.vect.algebra - Apply temporal and spatial operations on space time vector datasets using temporal vector algebra.
  • t.vect.db.select - Prints attributes of vector maps registered in a space time vector dataset.
  • t.vect.export - Exports a space time vector dataset as GRASS GIS specific archive file.
  • t.vect.extract - Extracts a subset of a space time vector dataset.
  • t.vect.import - Imports a space time vector dataset from a GRASS GIS specific archive file.
  • t.vect.list - Lists registered maps of a space time vector dataset.
  • t.vect.observe.strds - Observes specific locations in a space time raster dataset over a period of time using vector points.
  • t.vect.univar - Calculates univariate statistics of attributes for each registered vector map of a space time vector dataset
  • t.vect.what.strds - Stores raster map values at spatial and temporal positions of vector points as vector attributes.
  • v.area.stats - Populates attribute values from vector features.
  • v.area.weigh - Rasterize vector areas using weights
  • v.boxplot - Draws a boxplot of values from a specified attribute column in a vector dataset, with an optional grouping based on categories in another column.
  • v.buffer - Creates a buffer around vector features of given type.
  • v.build - Optionally also checks for topological errors.
  • v.build.all - Rebuilds topology on all vector maps in the current mapset.
  • v.build.pg - Builds PostGIS topology for vector map linked via v.external.
  • v.build.polylines - Builds polylines from lines or boundaries.
  • v.category - Attaches, deletes or reports vector categories to/from/of map geometry.
  • v.centerline - Creates a central line of a map of lines
  • v.centerpoint - Calculate center points
  • v.centroids - Adds missing centroids to closed boundaries.
  • v.civil - Generates a alignment for designing roads, channels, and ports in civil engineering
  • v.class - Classifies attribute data, e.g. for thematic mapping
  • v.class.mlpy - Vector supervised classification tool which uses attributes as classification parametres (order of columns matters, names not), cat column identifies feature, class_column is excluded from classification parametres.
  • v.clean - Toolset for cleaning topology of vector map.
  • v.clean.ogr - Imports vector data into a GRASS vector map, cleans the data topologically, and exports them again using OGR library.
  • v.clip - Extracts features of input map which overlay features of clip map.
  • v.cluster - Performs cluster identification.
  • v.colors - Creates/modifies the color table associated with a vector map.
  • v.colors.out - Exports the color table associated with a vector map.
  • v.colors2 - Sets color rules for features in a vector map using a numeric attribute column.
  • v.concave.hull - Creates a concave hull around points.
  • v.convert - Imports older versions of GRASS vector maps.
  • v.convert.all - Converts all older versions of GRASS vector maps in current mapset to current format.
  • v.db.addcolumn - Adds one or more columns to the attribute table connected to a given vector map.
  • v.db.addtable - Creates and connects a new attribute table to a given layer of an existing vector map.
  • v.db.connect - Prints/sets DB connection for a vector map to attribute table.
  • v.db.dropcolumn - Drops a column from the attribute table connected to a given vector map.
  • v.db.droprow - Removes a vector feature from a vector map through attribute selection.
  • v.db.droptable - Removes existing attribute table of a vector map.
  • v.db.join - Joins a database table to a vector map table.
  • v.db.pyupdate - Updates a column in a vector attribute table using Python code
  • v.db.reconnect.all - Reconnects attribute tables for all vector maps from the current mapset to a new database.
  • v.db.renamecolumn - Renames a column in the attribute table connected to a given vector map.
  • v.db.select - Prints vector map attributes.
  • v.db.univar - Calculates univariate statistics on selected table column for a GRASS vector map.
  • v.db.update - Updates a column in the attribute table connected to a vector map.
  • v.decimate - Copies points from one vector to another while applying different decimations
  • v.delaunay - Creates a Delaunay triangulation from an input vector map containing points or centroids.
  • v.dissolve - Dissolves adjacent or overlapping features sharing a common category number or attribute.
  • v.distance - Finds the nearest element in vector map 'to' for elements in vector map 'from'.
  • v.drape - Converts 2D vector features to 3D by sampling of elevation raster map.
  • v.edit - Edits a vector map, allows adding, deleting and modifying selected vector features.
  • v.ellipse - Computes the best-fitting ellipse for given vector data.
  • v.external - Creates a new pseudo-vector map as a link to an OGR-supported layer or a PostGIS feature table.
  • v.external.all - Links all OGR layers available in given OGR datasource.
  • v.external.out - Defines vector output format.
  • v.extract - Selects vector features from an existing vector map and creates a new vector map containing only the selected features.
  • v.extrude - Optionally the height can be derived from sampling of elevation raster map.
  • v.faultdirections - Creates a polar plot of fault directions
  • v.fill.holes - Fill holes in areas by keeping only outer boundaries
  • v.fixed.segmentpoints - segment points along a vector line with fixed distances
  • v.generalize - Performs vector based generalization.
  • v.greedycolors - Create greedy colors for vector areas.
  • v.gsflow.export - Export databse tables and pour point for GSFLOW input and control files
  • v.gsflow.gravres - Set parameters for GSFLOW Hydrologic Response Units (HRUs)
  • v.gsflow.grid - Builds grid for the MODFLOW component of GSFLOW
  • v.gsflow.hruparams - Set parameters for GSFLOW Hydrologic Response Units (HRUs)
  • v.gsflow.mapdata - Upload data to PRMS data
  • v.gsflow.reaches - Build stream "reaches" that link PRMS segments to MODFLOW cells
  • v.gsflow.segments - Prepares stream segments for PRMS and GSFLOW
  • v.habitat.dem - Calculates DEM derived characteristics of habitats.
  • v.histogram - Draws the histogram of values in a vector attribute column
  • v.hull - Produces a 2D/3D convex hull for a given vector map.
  • v.import - Imports vector data into a GRASS vector map using OGR library and reprojects on the fly.
  • v.in.ascii - Creates a vector map from an ASCII points file or ASCII vector file.
  • v.in.csv - (null)
  • v.in.db - Creates new vector (points) map from database table containing coordinates.
  • v.in.dxf - Converts file in DXF format to GRASS vector map.
  • v.in.e00 - Imports E00 file into a vector map.
  • v.in.gbif - importing of GBIF species distribution data
  • v.in.geonames - Imports geonames.org country files into a vector points map.
  • v.in.geopaparazzi - Imports data from Geopaparazzi database.
  • v.in.gns - Imports US-NGA GEOnet Names Server (GNS) country files into a GRASS vector points map.
  • v.in.gps - Import waypoints, routes, and tracks from a GPS receiver or GPS download file into a vector map.
  • v.in.lines - Imports ASCII x,y[,z] coordinates as a series of lines.
  • v.in.mapgen - Imports Mapgen or Matlab-ASCII vector maps into GRASS.
  • v.in.natura2000 - importing of Natura 2000 spatial data of protected areas
  • v.in.ogc.features - Downloads and imports data from OGC API Features server.
  • v.in.ogr - Imports vector data into a GRASS vector map using OGR library.
  • v.in.osm - Imports OpenStreetMap data into GRASS GIS.
  • v.in.pdal - Converts LAS LiDAR point clouds to a GRASS vector map with PDAL.
  • v.in.ply - Creates a vector map from a PLY file.
  • v.in.pygbif - Search and import GBIF species distribution data
  • v.in.redlist - importing of IUCN Red List Spatial Data
  • v.in.region - Creates a vector polygon from the current region extent.
  • v.in.survey - Creates multiple vector layers from just one textfile
  • v.in.wfs - Imports GetFeature from a WFS server.
  • v.in.wfs2 - Downloads and imports data from WFS server.
  • v.info - Outputs basic information about a vector map.
  • v.info.iso - Creates metadata based on ISO standard for specified vector map.
  • v.isochrones - Creates isochrones from a road map and starting points
  • v.kcv - Randomly partition points into test/train sets.
  • v.kernel - Density is computed using a moving kernel. Optionally generates a vector density map on a vector network.
  • v.krige - Performs ordinary or block kriging for vector maps.
  • v.label - Creates paint labels for a vector map from attached attributes.
  • v.label.sa - Create optimally placed labels for vector map(s)
  • v.label.sa - Create optimally placed labels for vector map(s)
  • v.lidar.correction - Corrects the v.lidar.growing output. It is the last of the three algorithms for LIDAR filtering.
  • v.lidar.edgedetection - Detects the object's edges from a LIDAR data set.
  • v.lidar.growing - Building contour determination and Region Growing algorithm for determining the building inside
  • v.lidar.mcc - Reclassifies points of a LiDAR point cloud as ground / non-ground using a multiscale curvature based classification algorithm.
  • v.link.precip - Links time-windows to vector link map.
  • v.lrs.create - Creates a linear reference system.
  • v.lrs.label - Creates stationing from input lines, and linear reference system.
  • v.lrs.segment - Creates points/segments from input lines, linear reference system and positions read from stdin or a file.
  • v.lrs.where - Finds line id and real km+offset for given points in vector map using linear reference system.
  • v.mapcalc - Vector map calculator.
  • v.maxent.swd - Export raster values at given point locations as text file in SWD format for input in Maxent. In addition, the addon can export the environmental raster layers as ascii files.
  • v.median - Return the barycenter of a cloud of point.
  • v.mkgrid - Creates a vector map of a user-defined grid.
  • v.multi2singlepart - Split multi-part polygons into single-part polygons.
  • v.neighborhoodmatrix - Exports the neighborhood matrix of polygons in a vector map
  • v.neighbors - Makes each cell value a function of the attribute values assigned to the vector points or centroids in a radius around it, and stores new cell values in an output raster map.
  • v.net - Performs network maintenance.
  • v.net.alloc - Center node must be opened (costs >= 0). Costs of center node are used in calculation.
  • v.net.allpairs - Computes the shortest path between all pairs of nodes in the network.
  • v.net.bridge - Computes bridges and articulation points in the network.
  • v.net.centrality - Computes degree, centrality, betweeness, closeness and eigenvector centrality measures in the network.
  • v.net.components - Computes strongly and weakly connected components in the network.
  • v.net.connectivity - Computes vertex connectivity between two sets of nodes in the network.
  • v.net.curvedarcs - Draws curved arcs between points (e.g. flows)
  • v.net.distance - Finds the shortest paths from each 'from' point to the nearest 'to' feature and various information about this relation are uploaded to the attribute table.
  • v.net.flow - Computes the maximum flow between two sets of nodes in the network.
  • v.net.iso - Splits net to bands between cost isolines (direction from center). Center node must be opened (costs >= 0). Costs of center node are used in calculation.
  • v.net.path - Finds shortest path on vector network.
  • v.net.salesman - Note that TSP is NP-hard, heuristic algorithm is used by this module and created cycle may be sub optimal
  • v.net.salesman.opt - Note that TSP is NP-hard, heuristic algorithm is used by this module and created cycle may be suboptimal
  • v.net.spanningtree - Computes minimum spanning tree for the network.
  • v.net.steiner - Note that 'Minimum Steiner Tree' problem is NP-hard and heuristic algorithm is used in this module so the result may be sub optimal.
  • v.net.timetable - Finds shortest path using timetables.
  • v.net.visibility - Performs visibility graph construction.
  • v.nnstat - Indicates clusters, separations or random distribution of point set in 2D or 3D space.
  • v.normal - Tests for normality for vector points.
  • v.out.ascii - By default only features with category are exported. To export all features use 'layer=-1'.
  • v.out.dxf - Exports vector map to DXF file format.
  • v.out.gps - Exports a vector map to a GPS receiver or file format supported by GPSBabel.
  • v.out.ogr - By default a vector map layer is exported to OGC GeoPackage format.
  • v.out.ply - Exports a vector map to a PLY file.
  • v.out.png - Export vector map as PNG
  • v.out.pov - Converts GRASS x,y,z points to POV-Ray x,z,y format.
  • v.out.svg - Exports a vector map to SVG file.
  • v.out.vtk - Converts a vector map to VTK ASCII output.
  • v.outlier - Removes outliers from vector point data.
  • v.overlay - Overlays two vector maps offering clip, intersection, difference, symmetrical difference, union operators.
  • v.pack - Exports a vector map as GRASS GIS specific archive file
  • v.parallel - Creates parallel line to input vector lines.
  • v.patch - Creates a new vector map by combining other vector maps.
  • v.percolate - Continuum percolation analysis
  • v.perturb - Random location perturbations of vector points.
  • v.ply.rectify - Imports PLY points, georeferences and exports them.
  • v.profile - Vector map profiling tool
  • v.profile.points - Creates a profile (transect) from points
  • v.proj - Re-projects a vector map from one project to the current project.
  • v.qcount - Indices for quadrat counts of vector point lists.
  • v.random - Generates random 2D/3D vector points.
  • v.rast.bufferstats - (null)
  • v.rast.move - Move vertices by distance specified in a raster
  • v.rast.stats - Calculates univariate statistics from a raster map based on a vector map and uploads statistics to new attribute columns.
  • v.reclass - Changes vector category values for an existing vector map according to results of SQL queries or a value in attribute table column.
  • v.rectify - Rectifies a vector by computing a coordinate transformation for each object in the vector based on the control points.
  • v.report - Reports geometry statistics for vector maps.
  • v.sample - Samples a raster map at vector point locations.
  • v.scatterplot - Plots the values of two columns in the attribute table of an input vector layer in a scatterplot.
  • v.segment - Creates points/segments from input vector lines and positions.
  • v.select - Selects features from vector map (A) by features from other vector map (B).
  • v.split - Splits vector lines to shorter segments.
  • v.stats - Calculates vector statistics
  • v.strds.stats - Calculates univariate statistics from given space-time raster datasets based on a vector map
  • v.stream.inbasin - Subset a stream network into just one of its basins
  • v.stream.order - Compute the stream order of stream networks stored in a vector map at specific outlet vector points
  • v.support - Updates vector map metadata.
  • v.surf.bspline - Performs bicubic or bilinear spline interpolation with Tykhonov regularization.
  • v.surf.icw - IDW interpolation, but distance is cost to get to any other site.
  • v.surf.idw - Provides surface interpolation from vector point data by Inverse Distance Squared Weighting.
  • v.surf.mass - Performs mass-preserving area interpolation.
  • v.surf.nnbathy - Interpolates a raster map using the nnbathy natural neighbor interpolation program.
  • v.surf.rst - Spatial approximation and topographic analysis from given point or isoline data in vector format to floating point raster format using regularized spline with tension.
  • v.surf.tps - Performs thin plate spline interpolation with regularization and covariables.
  • v.timestamp - Print/add/remove a timestamp for a vector map.
  • v.tin.to.rast - Converts (rasterize) a TIN map into a raster map
  • v.to.3d - Performs transformation of 2D vector features to 3D.
  • v.to.db - Populates attribute values from vector features.
  • v.to.lines - Converts vector polygons or points to lines.
  • v.to.points - Creates points along input lines in new vector map with 2 layers.
  • v.to.rast - Converts (rasterize) a vector map into a raster map.
  • v.to.rast.multi - Create raster maps for multiple numeric attribute columns of a vector map
  • v.to.rast3 - Converts a vector map (only points) into a 3D raster map.
  • v.transects - Creates transect lines or quadrilateral areas at regular intervals perpendicular to a polyline.
  • v.transform - Performs an affine transformation (shift, scale and rotate) on vector map.
  • v.type - Changes type of vector features.
  • v.univar - Variance and standard deviation is calculated only for points if specified.
  • v.unpack - Imports a GRASS GIS specific vector archive file (packed with v.pack) as a vector map
  • v.vect.stats - Count points in areas, calculate statistics from point attributes.
  • v.vect.stats.multi - Computes isochrones from collection point in a sewershed
  • v.vol.idw - Interpolates point data to a 3D raster map using Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) algorithm.
  • v.vol.rst - Interpolates point data to a 3D raster map using regularized spline with tension (RST) algorithm.
  • v.voronoi - Creates a Voronoi diagram constrained to the extents of the current region from an input vector map containing points or centroids.
  • v.what - Queries a vector map at given locations.
  • v.what.rast - Uploads raster values at positions of vector points to the table.
  • v.what.rast.label - Uploads raster values and labels to vector point layer
  • v.what.rast.multi - Uploads values of multiple rasters at positions of vector points to the table.
  • v.what.rast3 - Uploads 3D raster values at positions of vector points to the table.
  • v.what.strds - Uploads space time raster dataset values at positions of vector points to the table.
  • v.what.strds.timestamp - Uploads space time raster dataset values to the attribute table at positions of vector points in space and time.
  • v.what.vect - Uploads vector values at positions of vector points to the table.
  • ximgview - View BMP images from the PNG driver.

vectorization

vegetation

  • i.modis.qc - Extracts quality control parameters from MODIS QC layers.

vegetation index

  • i.vi - Uses red and nir bands mostly, and some indices require additional bands.

vegetation structure analysis

  • r3.forestfrag - Computes the forest fragmentation index (Riitters et al. 2000)

version

  • g.version - Optionally also prints build or copyright information.

vertex

  • v.build.polylines - Builds polylines from lines or boundaries.
  • v.edit - Edits a vector map, allows adding, deleting and modifying selected vector features.
  • v.segment - Creates points/segments from input vector lines and positions.
  • v.split - Splits vector lines to shorter segments.
  • v.to.points - Creates points along input lines in new vector map with 2 layers.

viewshed

  • r.skyline - Compute the skyline index and / or find the horizon cells in a raster viewshed.
  • r.viewshed.cva - Undertakes a "cumulative viewshed analysis" using a vector points map as input "viewing" locations, using r.viewshed to calculate the individual viewsheds.
  • r.viewshed.exposure - Computes visual exposure to defined exposure source using weighted parametrised cumulative viewshed analysis.

virtual

virtual raster

  • r.buildvrt - Build a VRT (Virtual Raster) from the list of input raster maps.

visibility

visual exposure

  • r.viewshed.exposure - Computes visual exposure to defined exposure source using weighted parametrised cumulative viewshed analysis.

visualization

  • 3D visualization - wxGUI 3D View Mode
  • d.region.grid - Drapes a color raster over an shaded relief or aspect map.
  • d.shade - Drapes a color raster over an shaded relief or aspect map.
  • m.nviz.image - Renders surfaces (raster data), 2D/3D vector data, and volumes (3D raster data) in 3D.
  • m.nviz.script - Creates fly-through script to run in NVIZ.
  • r.local.relief - Creates a local relief model from elevation map.
  • r.out.kde - Exports raster with variable transparency into an image file
  • r.shade - Drapes a color raster over an shaded relief or aspect map.
  • r.shaded.pca - The combined shades highlight terrain features which wouldn't be visible using standard shading technique.
  • r.skyview - Computes skyview factor visualization technique.
  • ximgview - View BMP images from the PNG driver.

volume

  • r.vol.dem - Creates a 3D raster model (voxels) from a series of raster DEMs
  • r.volume - Optionally produces a GRASS vector points map containing the calculated centroids of these clumps.
  • r3.stats - Generates volume statistics for 3D raster maps.

voxel

  • r.to.rast3 - Converts 2D raster map slices to one 3D raster volume map.
  • r.to.rast3elev - Creates a 3D volume map based on 2D elevation and value raster maps.
  • r3.count.categories - Count categories in vertical direction
  • r3.cross.rast - Creates cross section 2D raster map from 3D raster map based on 2D elevation map
  • r3.flow - Computes 3D flow lines and 3D flow accumulation.
  • r3.gradient - Computes gradient of a 3D raster map and outputs gradient components as three 3D raster maps.
  • r3.gwflow - Numerical calculation program for transient, confined groundwater flow in three dimensions.
  • r3.in.ascii - Converts a 3D ASCII raster text file into a (binary) 3D raster map.
  • r3.in.bin - Imports a binary raster file into a GRASS 3D raster map.
  • r3.in.v5d - Import 3-dimensional Vis5D files.
  • r3.in.xyz - Create a 3D raster map from an assemblage of many coordinates using univariate statistics
  • r3.info - Outputs basic information about a user-specified 3D raster map layer.
  • r3.mask - Establishes the current working 3D raster mask.
  • r3.mkdspf - Creates a display file from an existing 3D raster map according to specified threshold levels.
  • r3.neighbors - Makes each voxel value a function of the values assigned to the voxels around it, and stores new voxel values in an output 3D raster map
  • r3.null - Explicitly create the 3D NULL-value bitmap file.
  • r3.out.ascii - Converts a 3D raster map layer into a ASCII text file.
  • r3.out.bin - Exports a GRASS 3D raster map to a binary array.
  • r3.out.netcdf - Export a 3D raster map as netCDF file.
  • r3.out.v5d - Exports GRASS 3D raster map to 3-dimensional Vis5D file.
  • r3.out.vtk - Converts 3D raster maps into the VTK-ASCII format.
  • r3.retile - Retiles an existing 3D raster map with user defined x, y and z tile size.
  • r3.scatterplot - Creates a scatter plot of two or more 3D raster maps as a vector map
  • r3.stats - Generates volume statistics for 3D raster maps.
  • r3.support - Allows creation and/or modification of 3D raster map layer support files.
  • r3.timestamp - Print/add/remove a timestamp for a 3D raster map.
  • r3.to.group - Convert a 3D raster map to imagery group
  • r3.to.rast - Converts 3D raster maps to 2D raster maps
  • r3.what - Queries 3D raster in specified 2D or 3D coordinates.
  • t.rast.to.rast3 - Converts a space time raster dataset into a 3D raster map.
  • t.rast3d.algebra - Apply temporal and spatial operations on space time 3D raster datasets using temporal 3D raster algebra.
  • t.rast3d.extract - Extracts a subset of a space time 3D raster dataset.
  • t.rast3d.list - Lists registered maps of a space time raster3d dataset.
  • t.rast3d.mapcalc - Performs r3.mapcalc expressions on maps of sampled space time 3D raster datasets.
  • t.rast3d.univar - Calculates univariate statistics from the non-null cells for each registered 3D raster map of a space time 3D raster dataset.
  • v.to.rast3 - Converts a vector map (only points) into a 3D raster map.
  • v.vol.idw - Interpolates point data to a 3D raster map using Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) algorithm.
  • v.vol.rst - Interpolates point data to a 3D raster map using regularized spline with tension (RST) algorithm.

walk

  • r.random.walk - Performs a 2D random walk inside the computational region and returns the resulting walk.

walking distance

water

  • i.water - Water detection from satellite data derived indices, 1 if found, 0 if not
  • i.wi - Calculates different types of water indices.

watercourse distance

  • r.stream.distance - The module can work in stream mode where target are streams and outlets mode where targets are outlets.

watershed

  • r.accumulate - Calculates weighted flow accumulation, subwatersheds, stream networks, and longest flow paths using a flow direction map.
  • r.basin - Morphometric characterization of river basins
  • r.basins.fill - Generates watershed subbasins raster map.
  • r.water.outlet - Creates watershed basins from a drainage direction map.
  • r.wateroutlet.lessmem - Creates watershed basins from a drainage direction map.
  • r.watershed - Calculates hydrological parameters and RUSLE factors.

watershed delineation

  • r.hydrobasin - Delineates a large number of watersheds using the Memory-Efficient Watershed Delineation (MESHED) OpenMP parallel algorithm by Cho (2025).

wavelet

  • i.wavelet - Decompostion/Recomposition in temporal dimension using wavelets

wetness

  • r.topidx - Creates a topographic index (wetness index) raster map from an elevation raster map.

wfs

  • v.in.wfs2 - Downloads and imports data from WFS server.

wiggles

wind

  • r.windfetch - Computes wind fetch which is the length of water over which winds blow without obstruction

workflow

workspace

  • m.printws - Opens a workspace file and creates a map sheet according to its visible contents.

yield

  • i.biomass - Computes biomass growth, precursor of crop yield calculation.

zonal statistics

  • r.statistics - Calculates category or object oriented statistics.
  • r.stats.quantile - Compute category quantiles using two passes.
  • r.stats.zonal - Calculates category or object oriented statistics (accumulator-based statistics).
  • r.univar - Statistics include number of cells counted, minimum and maximum cell values, range, arithmetic mean, population variance, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and sum.
  • r.univar2 - Calculates univariate statistics from the non-null cells of a raster map.
  • r.zonal.classes - Calculates zonal classes proportion describing raster areas's composition, e.g., in terms of land-cover classes.
  • v.habitat.dem - Calculates DEM derived characteristics of habitats.
  • v.rast.stats - Calculates univariate statistics from a raster map based on a vector map and uploads statistics to new attribute columns.
  • v.strds.stats - Calculates univariate statistics from given space-time raster datasets based on a vector map
  • v.vect.stats - Count points in areas, calculate statistics from point attributes.
  • v.vect.stats.multi - Computes isochrones from collection point in a sewershed